Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY 2 > Developmental Biology > Flashcards

Developmental Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

why is drosphilia important?

A

key model organism
rapid life cycle
small size
genetically tractable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is homeosis?

A

changing of one body part so it resembles another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is polarity?

A

regional difference in a state of commitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is axis?

A

rotation is of some pratical significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is potency?

A

total of things into which tissue can develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why do we need model systems?

A 
easy to manipulate
quantity 
short gen times 
genomes
can allow in vivo visualisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vertebrate and invertebrate model systems?

A

invertebrates - drosophila, c.elegans, sea urchin, sea squirt
vertebrate - chick, zebra fish, mouse, african clawed frog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is good about plant model organisms?

A

easy and inexpensive, genetic and imaging tools, mutants

arabidopsis - mustard family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what makes a suitable model organism?

A

rapid life cycle
small size
genetically tractable
accessible embryos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is special about drosophila?

A

morphogen gradients, positional info, developmental fields, boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are morphogens?

A

signal molecules that can affect behaviour of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a bicoid?

A

first example of a morphogen, found in drosophila

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does bicoid mRNA work?

A

localised to anterior pole, translated into protien spreading to posterior forming an anterior-posterior gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does bcd work?

A

changes the levels of morphogen protein gradient shifting the position of where the target genes are activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens with drosophilia segmentation?

A

morphogen gradient activates or represses various downstream genes depending on different thresholds for response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does hox gene code determine?

A

differentiation pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the embryonic field?

A

the area of embryo tissue within which a certain process occurs

18
Q

what are compartments?

A

region within which progeny of every cell remains confined - needs boundaries either physical or determination

19
Q

what is xenopus laevis

A

african clawed frog

20
Q

what is cleavage?

A

cell division without growth

21
Q

what is induction?

A

process by which one embryonic region interacts with a second region to influence the second regions differentiation or behaviour

22
Q

how do competent tissues become differentially determined?

A

in response to conc of chemical signals from another region of the embryo

23
Q

how is the secondary axis formed?

A

new notochord arises from host donor tissue

new neural tube and somite formed by host and donor tissue

24
Q

what is fate?

A

the final stage of development

25
Q

how do we map fate?

A

vital dyes - inflorscence
fluoresenclty tagged proteins
transplantation of pigmented into albino tissue

26
Q

what is determination?

A

progressive restriction in developmental protential of different cell types
irreversible

27
Q

if graft appears how do we know if its determined?

A
  • old position - determined

new position - undetermined

28
Q

what is specification?

A

isolating cells and they still become what they should

29
Q

what is competence?

A

cells able to recieve signals for only a short time

30
Q

what is special about c.elegan?

A

illustrates development via cell lineage
easy to observe
can name each cell all the way through

31
Q

what is lineage?

A

embryos with invarient cleavage patterns such that a family tree can be drawn
state of commitment inherited from determined parent cell

32
Q

what is mosaicism?

A

map of specified regions matches fate map

33
Q

what is regulation?

A

specification of isolated parts doesn’t correspond to the fate map
also
reestablishment of the fate map on a domain of uncomitted tissue

34
Q

what are p granules?

A

in p cell lineage that become germ lines

35
Q

what happens when ced-3 joins?

A

apoptosis and its a cell death defective caspase

36
Q

what does vulva development show?

A

signalling

37
Q

what is laser ablations?

A

when cells could become the vulva but only some do

38
Q

features of mosaic development?

A

determinate

separation of blastopore results in incomplete parts of embryos

39
Q

features of regulation development?

A

undetermined

remaining cells can compensate for tissue loss

40
Q

what is the pathway a cell takes as it becomes specialised?

A

undifferentiated - specified - determined - differentiated

BIOLOGY 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions