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BIOLOGY 2 > Animal Behaviour > Flashcards

Animal Behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

what are tinbergs four questions?

A

why the animal does the behaviour
how its changed over evolutionary timescales
how it differs with age/experience
what factors lead to the behaviour happening

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2
Q

what are proximate causes of animal behaviour?

A

hereditry
genetic-development
develop of sensory motor systems via gene environment interactions

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3
Q

what are ultimate causes of animal behaviour?

A

historical pathways
events occuring over evolution to now
selective process shaping history of behaviour
usefullness of behaviour in terms of reproductive success

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4
Q

what is the mechanism behind hummingbird foraging?

A

they have memory for flower colour, location, content, number and time since last visit

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5
Q

why have prairie voles become monoganmus?

A

function - proximity of male increases chances of fathering offspring, also low density so if left would struggle to find another female
evolution - ancestral shift towards monogamy
development - if increased V1aR then more likely to mate with female partner rather than stranger
mechanism - vasopressin released during copulation
high oxytocin receptors which helps inforce pair bond

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6
Q

why do honeybees go through a change of roles and suggest some roles?

A

pack pollen, clean, forage, feed

change in role in response to environmental change

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7
Q

what happens if you give young bees juvenile hormone?

A

they start foraging sooner

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8
Q

what happens if you put older foragers in with young foragers and what happens when you add young?

A

inhibits foraging in young bees

young bees go foraging without a change in hormone

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9
Q

what happens to ground squirrel siblings reared apart?

A

less aggressive to one another

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10
Q

How do we know some blackcap warblers migrate to UK

A

migratory restlessness seen in amlen funnel

jumped in a westernly direction

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11
Q

what is filial imprinting?

A

when young imprint on first thing they see in the first day or two after birth/hatching

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12
Q

why is imprinting easy to study?

A

clear when its happened, short term, one off, easy to manipulate

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13
Q

what is sexual imprinting?

A

when animal forms an association with the species it will direct sexual behaviour too as an adult

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14
Q

what are the types of cues for imprinting?

A

visual - birds
olfactory - salmon (chemicals)
auditory - sea birds

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15
Q

what happens when you place young wasps in anothers nest?

A

unlikely to be agressive towards the unrelated females in which they were in the nest

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16
Q

whats cross fostering?

A

experiment with blue and great tits, swapped chicks - great tits mated with blue tits later in life

17
Q

features used for mating?

A 
colours 
extravegent nests 
parallel walking
clumping round female 
fighting
18
Q

what is mate guarding?

A

when males guard female so she doesn’t mate with any other males

19
Q

dominance correlates positively with…

A

reproductive success

20
Q

what are satellite males?

A

smaller males who wait for the larger mate to release sperm and then release their sperm, move in when female spawn

21
Q

examples of satellite males?

A

ocellated wrasse and bluegill sunfish

22
Q

how can females control mating?

A 
choose;
what goes into egg
which sperm fertilises
which male provides sperm 
how much care goes into embryo/offspring
23
Q

how can males control mating?

A

the resources they transfer to females
courtship displays
sexual coercion
infanticide

24
Q

what is polyandry?

A

when female mates with mutiple males and the males mind the babies

25
Q

how do northwestern crow feed?

A

drop whelks from 5m, if it doesn’t break it would waste energy trying to get a new one

26
Q

will a large mussel be worth it if it can’t be opened?

A

no

27
Q

what is the negative aspect to feeding?

A

means exposure to predators

28
Q

what happened to red knot populations after overfishing?

A

lack of food and so the birds that survived were a greater weight than the initial population - energy associated directly with fitness

29
Q

what is the correlation between hunter/thief and fitness

A

needs an equilibrium point

30
Q

what is the best pack size for wolves?

A

10-12

31
Q

what are osprey nests?

A

information centres

32
Q

how do leafcutter ants forage?

A

not at day and night due to parasitic fly
large ants at night
small during the day
trade off between energy gain for longer lifespan of large valuable foragers

33
Q

ways to avoid being eaten?

A

groups - dilution effect
speed
aposematism
spines, bristles etc

BIOLOGY 2 (21 decks)

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