Animal Diversity Flashcards
what three things define animals?
nutritional mode, cell structure/specialisation and reproduction and development
how do animals, plants and fungi differ in the way they get food?
animals - heterotrophs - ingest food
plants - autotrophs - make food
fungi - heterotrophs - absorb food
how is an animal cell supported?
collagen, nervous and muscle tissue too?
how does cell fertilisation work?
sperm fertilises egg, zygote undergoes rapid cell division (cleavage) which leads to the formation of a hollow blastula
what are the three types of embryonic tissue?
ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm
whats the closest living relative of animals?
choanoflagellates
what happens in the Neoproterzoic era?
ediacaran fossils, predation evidence
what happens in the paleozoic era?
cambrian explosion
bilaterians - one way/complete digestive tract, bilaterially symmetrical
what happens in the mesozoic era?
dinos!! coral reefs emerged mammals reptiles in sea insects/flora diversified
what happens in the cenozoic era?
mass extinctions
mammals got bigger and diversified niches
features of mammalian body plan?
symmetry, body cavity and cleavage
differences between radial and bilateral body plans?
radial - top and bottom e.g anemone bilateral - two sided dorsal and ventral right and left anterior and posterior many have sensory equipment (brain) in anterior e.g lobster
what is the ectoderm?
germ layer on outside, forms exoskeleton
what is the endoderm?
innermost layer, lines digestive system, forms lining of inner organs
what does the mesoderm become?
organs
whats the difference between diploblastic and triploblastic animals?
diploblastic only ecto/endotherm
triploblastic - have mesoderm too
what is a true body cavity?
coelom (all three tissue types with holes)
what is a pseudocoelomate?
body cavity derived from meso and endoderm
what are acoelomates?
animals that lack a body cavity (solid)
functions of a body cavity?
fluid cushions the organs
fluid acts like skeleton against which muscles can work
enables organs to grow and move independently
difference between deuterostome and protostome?
cleavage
pro - spiral and determinate
deu - radial and indeterminate
what does indeterminate cleavage make possible?
identical twins, embryonic stem cells as each cell retains ability to develop into a complete embryo
what happens to the blastopore?
in proterostome development - becomes mouth
in deuterostome development - becomes the anus
how many animal phyla?
36
what is deuterostomia?
in/vertebrates, includes chordates and echinoderms
what is ecdysozoa?
invertebrates with external skeletons, shed via ecdysis
what are lophotrochozoa?
bilaterian invertebrate
lophophore - feeding structure
developmental stage - trochophore
