Animal Diversity

Question 1

what three things define animals?

Answer 1

nutritional mode, cell structure/specialisation and reproduction and development

Question 2

how do animals, plants and fungi differ in the way they get food?

Answer 2

animals - heterotrophs - ingest food
plants - autotrophs - make food
fungi - heterotrophs - absorb food

Question 3

how is an animal cell supported?

Answer 3

collagen, nervous and muscle tissue too?

Question 4

how does cell fertilisation work?

Answer 4

sperm fertilises egg, zygote undergoes rapid cell division (cleavage) which leads to the formation of a hollow blastula

Question 5

what are the three types of embryonic tissue?

Answer 5

ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm

Question 6

whats the closest living relative of animals?

Answer 6

choanoflagellates

Question 7

what happens in the Neoproterzoic era?

Answer 7

ediacaran fossils, predation evidence

Question 8

what happens in the paleozoic era?

Answer 8

cambrian explosion

bilaterians - one way/complete digestive tract, bilaterially symmetrical

Question 9

what happens in the mesozoic era?

Answer 9

dinos!!
coral reefs emerged
mammals
reptiles in sea
insects/flora diversified

Question 10

what happens in the cenozoic era?

Answer 10

mass extinctions

mammals got bigger and diversified niches

Question 11

features of mammalian body plan?

Answer 11

symmetry, body cavity and cleavage

Question 12

differences between radial and bilateral body plans?

Answer 12

radial - top and bottom e.g anemone 
bilateral - two sided 
dorsal and ventral 
right and left
anterior and posterior 
many have sensory equipment (brain) in anterior 
e.g lobster

Question 13

what is the ectoderm?

Answer 13

germ layer on outside, forms exoskeleton

Question 14

what is the endoderm?

Answer 14

innermost layer, lines digestive system, forms lining of inner organs

Question 15

what does the mesoderm become?

Answer 15

organs

Question 16

whats the difference between diploblastic and triploblastic animals?

Answer 16

diploblastic only ecto/endotherm

triploblastic - have mesoderm too

Question 17

what is a true body cavity?

Answer 17

coelom (all three tissue types with holes)

Question 18

what is a pseudocoelomate?

Answer 18

body cavity derived from meso and endoderm

Question 19

what are acoelomates?

Answer 19

animals that lack a body cavity (solid)

Question 20

functions of a body cavity?

Answer 20

fluid cushions the organs
fluid acts like skeleton against which muscles can work
enables organs to grow and move independently

Question 21

difference between deuterostome and protostome?

Answer 21

cleavage
pro - spiral and determinate
deu - radial and indeterminate

Question 22

what does indeterminate cleavage make possible?

Answer 22

identical twins, embryonic stem cells as each cell retains ability to develop into a complete embryo

Question 23

what happens to the blastopore?

Answer 23

in proterostome development - becomes mouth

in deuterostome development - becomes the anus

Question 24

how many animal phyla?

Answer 24

36

Question 25

what is deuterostomia?

Answer 25

in/vertebrates, includes chordates and echinoderms

Question 26

what is ecdysozoa?

Answer 26

invertebrates with external skeletons, shed via ecdysis

Question 27

what are lophotrochozoa?

Answer 27

bilaterian invertebrate
lophophore - feeding structure
developmental stage - trochophore