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SHS 300 > development of face > Flashcards

development of face Flashcards

1
Q

developing fetus composed of three layers of tissue

A
  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
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2
Q

third week

A
  • 3mm
  • early forebrain - prosencephalon
  • below is furrow - oral groove- stomadeum
  • early mouth
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3
Q

fourth week

A
  • 4.5 mm
  • branchial apparatus emerges
  • developed by 28 days
  • branchial arches, pharyngeal pouches, branchial grooves
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4
Q

branchial arches

A

-5 in human numbered 1-6
only 1&2 named
-much of face derived from these

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5
Q

arch 1

A 
mandibular
skeletal:
-mandible
-anterior tongue
-lower lip
-malleus
-incus
muscles:
-muscles of mastication
-ABD
-tensor tympani
-tensor palatini
innervation:
-CN V - V3
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6
Q

arch 2

A 
hyoid
skeletal:
-stapes
-styloid process
-stylohyoid ligament
-body of hyoid
-lesser horns of hyoid
muscles:
-stapedius
-stylohyoid
-muscles of facial expression
-PBD
innervation:
-CN VII
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7
Q

arch 3

A 
skeletal:
-lower part of hyoid
-posterior tongue
muscles:
-stylopharyngeus
innervation:
-CN IX - glossopharyngeal
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8
Q

arch 4-6

A 
skeletal:
-laryngeal cartilages
muscles:
-cricothyroid
-pharyngeal constrictors
-intrinsic laryngeal muscles
innervation:
-CN X
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9
Q

brachial cleft 1

A
  • external auditory meatus

- ectodermal aspect of TM

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10
Q

brachial cleft 2-4

A

-cervical sinus

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11
Q

fourth week processes

A
  • area cephalic to stomadeum forms the frontonasal process - frontonasal prominance
  • thickenings appear on sides of process
  • nasal - olfactory placodes
  • pits = early nasal openings
  • pits divide face into lateral and medial nasal processes
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12
Q

fifth week

A

9 mm

  • branchial arches reach most prominent appearance
  • face divided in 4 regions
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13
Q

frontonasal process

A
  • medial/lateral processes

- lateral - globular process

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14
Q

mandibular arch

A
  • 1st branchial arch fuse in midline

- forms caudal border of stomadeum

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15
Q

maxillary process

A

-2 small processes from laterally between 2 mandibular arch and lateral nasal process

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16
Q

hyoid arch

A
  • partially interrupted by bulge of rapidly growing heart

- appears as two sac-like pouches on either side of neck region

17
Q

early face

A
  • 32 days

- 5th week

18
Q

sixth week

nasal processes

A
  • medial nasal processes forms upper border of mouth
  • maxillary processes formed into wedge like processes below early eye
  • not fused
  • separated by small grooves that must disappear
  • medial and lateral nasal processes fuse
  • thin shelf of tissue separates a portion of oral and nasal cavities *primary plate
  • forms nasal laminae - septum
  • philtrum on face is point of fusion of lateral and medial nasal processes
19
Q

sixth week

A

9 mm

  • anterior directed growth of face begins
  • eyes developing at sides of face drawn medially
  • small buds form at first branchial groove
  • buds = auricle
20
Q

seventh week

A
  • pronounced change in face
  • nasal area becomes prominent but decreases in width
  • eyes move into anterior surface
  • critical period for palate formation
21
Q

primary palate begins to develop

A
  • tissue begins to develop in 4th week
  • maxillary process fuses with medial nasal process
  • fusion between lateral and medial nasal processes
  • bar of tissue separating nasal duct from oral cavity IS primary palate
22
Q

primary palate formation

A
  • forms upper lip, anterior alveolar process and premaxillary palate
  • completed by 8 weeks
23
Q

week 8

A
  • head begins to expand vertically
  • increases height of oral cavity
  • allows growth of nasal septum
  • no separation of oral and nasal cavity
24
Q

development of secondary palate

A
  • initially developing tongue fills oral and nasal cavities
  • maxillary processes are folds of tissue on either side of tongue
  • development of palate and growth of head allows tongue to drop into oral cavity
  • maxillary processes grow rapidly and extend horizontally
  • palatine processes fuse with each other and nasal septum
  • fusion takes places in anterior to posterior direction
  • palatine processes form posterior hard palate and soft palate
  • globular process from early nasal processes grows inward to form tectal plate
  • tectal plate is early premaxillary process
25
Q

risk factor period

A

-week 4-8

cleft-lip palate risk

26
Q

general development

A
  • week 3-8 face

- week 6-9 palate

27
Q

development of tongue

week 3

A
  • lateral lingula swellings on internal mandibular arch
  • in between swellings is elevation called tuberculum impar
  • rapidly proliferating mesoderm
  • lateral lingula & tuberculum merge together to form anterior tongue
  • also coupla in midline behind TI
  • copula bridges 2 & 3 branchial arches
  • posterior portion of copula forms epiglottis
28
Q

development of tongue

week 5

A

-tuberculum and copula prominently developed

29
Q

tongue development

week 6

A

-primitive tongue shape evident

30
Q

tongue development

week 7

A
  • tuberculum impar grows backwards in a V shape to form sulcus terminalis
  • tissues on either side of copula form quickly to produce a tongue like structure
  • copula forms posterior tongue while tuberculum impar forms anterior tongue
  • rapid exponential growth of tongue fills in oral cavity
31
Q

development of tongue

-composition

A
  • initially just composed of mucous membrane
  • tongue muscles eventually migrate in
  • tongue membrane derived from branchial arches but muscles are NOT
32
Q

tongue muscles formed from

A

occipital somites

33
Q

somites

A
  • masses of mesoderm distributed along two sides of neural tube
  • eventually become dermis, skeletal muscle, and vertebrae
34
Q

what do somites form

A
  • rib and vertebrae cartilage
  • muscles (skeletal muscles - tongue and ocular)
  • rib cage
  • limbs
  • abdominal wall
  • back and tongue
  • dorsal skin dermis

SHS 300 (14 decks)

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