anatomy of articulatiton Flashcards
1
Q
oral cavity
A
- anterior boundary is mouth opening
- floor is mostly tongue but also mucosa overlying mylohyoid
- lateral walls are the teeth and alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible
- roof is maxilla and palatine divided by median raphe
- communicates posteriorly with oropharynx at faucial pillars
2
Q
nose
A
- anterior are nasal bones and cartilages
- openings nostrils
- covered by mucous membrance and cilia
- medial wall is nasal septum
- lateral wall is composed of nasal conchae and meatus
- roof is cribriform plate and sphenoid
- floor is maxilla and palatine
- communicates posteriorly with nasopharynx
3
Q
nasopharynx
A
- from rostrum of sphenoid bone to tip of lowered velum
- contains opening of eustachian tube and pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids
4
Q
laryngopharynx
A
-from hyoid down to esophagus bounded by laryngeal inlet
5
Q
facial expression
A
-face is highly communicative and can augment linguistic communication
-symmetry, range of motion, diversity
muscles:
6
Q
orbicularis oris
A
- muscle forming bulk of lips
- circumoral - circle mouth
- no real origin or insertion
- arise in one angle, inserts in other
- action: draw lips together to seal mouth
- sphincter
- fibers insert in OO as termination
- highly complex motion
- inferior - upper lip
- superior - lower lip
- left and right independent innervation
7
Q
risorius
A
- courses from faascia close to mandible to corner of mouth
- lateral course across the face
- retracts lips at corners (lateral pull)
- smiling muscle
8
Q
zygomaticus major
A
- arises on zygomatic bone and inserts in corner of mouth
- elevates angle of mouth and draws it laterally
- smiling muscle
9
Q
buccinator
A
- cheek (buccal) muscle
- originates from pterygomandibular raphe
- ligament connecting pterygoid to mandible
- inserts horizontally into upper and lower lips
- flatten cheeks, build up pressure (bulgers muscle)
- helps move food onto molars
- clears food out of buccal cavity
10
Q
lip elevators
A
- all insert into mid-lateral region of upper lip
- levator labii superiorus
- levatator labii superiorus alque nasi
- zygomatic minor
- levator anguli oris
- incisivus labii superious
11
Q
levator labii superiorus
A
- originates from lower orbit
- inserts into upper lip where fibers intermix with OOS
- elevates lip and may help to turn it upward
12
Q
levator labii superiorus alque nasi
A
- along the nose
- small muscle
- two divisions
- one inserts into lateral cartilage of nose to dilate nostril
- other inserts into OOS to help elevate medial upper lip
13
Q
zygomatic minor
A
- arises in front of zygomatic major and inserts in lateral upper lip
- assists in raising upper lip
14
Q
levator anguli oris
A
- arises from canine fossa of maxilla and inserts into upper and lower lip corners
- draws corners of mouth up and medially
- can assist in generating medial compression
15
Q
incisivus labii superiorus
A
- arises from maxilla near canine teeth
- runs laterally to angle of mouth
- pulls corner of mouth upwards and medially
16
Q
lip depressors
A
- depressor labii inferious
- depressor anguli oris
- mentalis
- incisivus labii inferior
- platysma
17
Q
depressor labii inferiorus
A
- arises from oblique line of manible and inserts in lower lip
- pulls lips down and out
18
Q
depressor anguli oris
A
- arises from lateral margin of oblique line
- converges on OO and upper lip corner
- lowers angle of mouth and assists in generating lip compression
19
Q
mentalis
A
- arises from incisive fossa and inserts into skin of chin
- wrinkles chin and puffs out lower lip
- pouting muscle
20
Q
incisivus labii inferiorus
A
- arises from mandible near lower incisors
- inserts into lower angle of mouth
- pulls corner of mouth medially and downwards
21
Q
platysma
A
- large thin sheet of muscle
- classified with facial muscles
- arises from pectoralis and deltoids
- inserts throughout lower mouth, chin and mandibe
- muscle tenses soft fleshy mouth and assists in mandibular lowering
- draws lower lip downwards and laterally
- may assist in compressing lip
22
Q
growth of the lips
A
- initial growth 0-2 years
- double in width
- second growth 10-17
- follow puberty
- lip control for speech matures after jaw movements are stabalized
- early production of bilabial sounds
23
Q
lip features
A
- border between lip mucosa and skin is vermillion border
- mucosa of lip much more sensitive than surrounding skin
- among most sensitive regions of body for sensing texture differences
- almost as good as fingertips
24
Q
facial nerve
A
- motor innervation to all facial muscles
- arise from dorsal brainstem at junction of pons and medulla
- enters internal acoustic meatus and runs through petrous portion of temporal bone
- forms geniculate ganglion in temporal bone
- sends somatic sensory branches to ear
- tongue taste neurons
- proceeds to facial canal and exits skull
- merge with lingual nerve CN V
- facial canal
- exits stylomastoid foramen
- parotid gland
25
5 branches of facial nerve
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
26
facial motor innervation
- upper facial muscles receive bilateral motor innervation
- both sides of brain innervate each side of face
- lower facial muscles only innervated by contralateral side of brainfac
27
facial sensory innervation
- trigeminal carries sensory info from face
- fine touch
- crude touch
- proprioception
- pain
- temp
28
CN V
- foremost sensory nerve for face, oral cavity, nasal cavity and teeth
- largest CN and largest CN nucleus
- other sensory portions of nerves terminate in V
- carries touch, proprioception and pain
- motor nerve innervates muscles of mastication and TVP
29
course of sensory branch of CN V
-emerges from lateral pons
-trigeminal ganglion is located close to brainstem
-3 branches
opthalmic -V1
maxillary - V2
mandibular - V3
-supplies entire face
30
opthalmic nerve
V1
- supplies upper face and portions of meninges
- major divisions
- frontal nerve innervates upper scalp, forehead, medial upper eyelid, upper orbit
- nasociliary nerve carries innervation from eyelid, nose, nasal cavity, ethmoidal air sinus
- lacrimal nerve also supplies parts of eyelids, conjunctiva and lacrimal gland
- exits skull through superior orbital fissure
31
maxillary branch
V2
- emerges from trigeminal ganglia
- exits skull through foramen rotundum
- branches to menegies
- zygomatic branch supplies skin over maxilla and zygomatic bone
- infraorbital branch supplies upper lip, medial cheek and side of nose
- superior alveolar branch carries sensation from upper teeth and gums
- palatine nerves supply hard and soft palate
32
mandibular division
V3
- arises off of trigeminal ganglion and unites with motor branch
- leaves skull through foramen ovale
- emerges from foramen and splits into small anterior trunk and large posterior trunk
- anterior trunk is mainly motor to muscles of mastication
- posterior trunk:
33
motor division of CN V
- supplies:
- tensor veli palatini
- tensor tympani
- lateral pterygoid
- masseter
- temporalis
- anterior belly of digastric
- mylohyoid
*remember to divide sensation of tongue into anterior and posterior divisions
34
role of facial muscle in speech
- orofacial or circumoral articulators contribute to:
- shaping sound output
- oral tract open or closed
- degree of opening
- shape of opening
- timing of opening
- producer of consonant sounds
- active in coarticulation of sounds
35
oropharynx
-from tip of lowered velum and palatopharyngeal arch down to level of hyoid bone
36
lips in facial expression
- lips = focus of facial muscle control
- mobile and morphable
- central to facial aesthetics
- all innervated by facial nerve
37
temporal branch
CN VII
temporal
-frontalis, occipatlis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator, supercili, procerus
38
zygomatic branch
CN VII
| -orbicularis oculi
39
buccal branch
CN VII
- buccinator
- orbicularis oris superior
- nasalis
- levatoru labii
- zygomatics
40
mandibular branch
CN VII
- orbicularis oris inferior
- depressor labii
- risorius
- mentalis
41
cervial branch
CN VII
| -platysma
42
other facial experssion muscles
```
-orbicularis oculi
sphincter muscle surround eye
-frontalis
wrinkle forehead
-corrugator supercili
wrinkles eyebrow
-depressor supercili
lowers eyebrow
-nasalis
depresses nasal cartilages and narrows nares
-procerus
small unpaired trianglular muscle between eyebrows
-anterior and posterior nasal dialators
```
43
facial sensation
- highly acute and discriminative
* important because lip muscles do not have muscle spindles or tendon organs
- normal speaker brain accurately differentiates between facial/lip postures
44
facial sensation vs limb sensation
- muscle spindles typically present in skeletal muscles of limbs and trunk
- joint sensors in joint
* facial muscles dont have these sensors
45
facial propriception
- what sensory info relates to facial position, muscle tension, mouth degree opening
* important for learning how to shape facial structures for speech sounds
46
facial sensation sensory receptors
- carries by receptors in skin of face and lips
- as facial muscle stretch compress and/or tense skin:
- tiny sensory receptors carry info to brain
- brains job is to sort these different patterns
- learn info associated with:
- facial expression
- shape acoustic sounds
47
posterior trunk of mandibular branch V3
- sensory supply of the lower face
- inferior alveolar nerve supplies madibular teeth including gums
- lingual nerve emerges from posterior trunk and provides sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
- buccal branch carries sensory information from cheeck
- auriculotemporal nerve supplies side of face, auricle, meatus, eardrum and TMJ
