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SHS 300 > anatomy of articulatiton > Flashcards

anatomy of articulatiton Flashcards

1
Q

oral cavity

A
  • anterior boundary is mouth opening
  • floor is mostly tongue but also mucosa overlying mylohyoid
  • lateral walls are the teeth and alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible
  • roof is maxilla and palatine divided by median raphe
  • communicates posteriorly with oropharynx at faucial pillars
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2
Q

nose

A
  • anterior are nasal bones and cartilages
  • openings nostrils
  • covered by mucous membrance and cilia
  • medial wall is nasal septum
  • lateral wall is composed of nasal conchae and meatus
  • roof is cribriform plate and sphenoid
  • floor is maxilla and palatine
  • communicates posteriorly with nasopharynx
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3
Q

nasopharynx

A
  • from rostrum of sphenoid bone to tip of lowered velum

- contains opening of eustachian tube and pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids

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4
Q

laryngopharynx

A

-from hyoid down to esophagus bounded by laryngeal inlet

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5
Q

facial expression

A

-face is highly communicative and can augment linguistic communication
-symmetry, range of motion, diversity
muscles:

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6
Q

orbicularis oris

A
  • muscle forming bulk of lips
  • circumoral - circle mouth
  • no real origin or insertion
  • arise in one angle, inserts in other
  • action: draw lips together to seal mouth
  • sphincter
  • fibers insert in OO as termination
  • highly complex motion
  • inferior - upper lip
  • superior - lower lip
  • left and right independent innervation
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7
Q

risorius

A
  • courses from faascia close to mandible to corner of mouth
  • lateral course across the face
  • retracts lips at corners (lateral pull)
  • smiling muscle
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8
Q

zygomaticus major

A
  • arises on zygomatic bone and inserts in corner of mouth
  • elevates angle of mouth and draws it laterally
  • smiling muscle
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9
Q

buccinator

A
  • cheek (buccal) muscle
  • originates from pterygomandibular raphe
  • ligament connecting pterygoid to mandible
  • inserts horizontally into upper and lower lips
  • flatten cheeks, build up pressure (bulgers muscle)
  • helps move food onto molars
  • clears food out of buccal cavity
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10
Q

lip elevators

A
  • all insert into mid-lateral region of upper lip
  • levator labii superiorus
  • levatator labii superiorus alque nasi
  • zygomatic minor
  • levator anguli oris
  • incisivus labii superious
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11
Q

levator labii superiorus

A
  • originates from lower orbit
  • inserts into upper lip where fibers intermix with OOS
  • elevates lip and may help to turn it upward
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12
Q

levator labii superiorus alque nasi

A
  • along the nose
  • small muscle
  • two divisions
  • one inserts into lateral cartilage of nose to dilate nostril
  • other inserts into OOS to help elevate medial upper lip
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13
Q

zygomatic minor

A
  • arises in front of zygomatic major and inserts in lateral upper lip
  • assists in raising upper lip
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14
Q

levator anguli oris

A
  • arises from canine fossa of maxilla and inserts into upper and lower lip corners
  • draws corners of mouth up and medially
  • can assist in generating medial compression
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15
Q

incisivus labii superiorus

A
  • arises from maxilla near canine teeth
  • runs laterally to angle of mouth
  • pulls corner of mouth upwards and medially
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16
Q

lip depressors

A
  • depressor labii inferious
  • depressor anguli oris
  • mentalis
  • incisivus labii inferior
  • platysma
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17
Q

depressor labii inferiorus

A
  • arises from oblique line of manible and inserts in lower lip
  • pulls lips down and out
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18
Q

depressor anguli oris

A
  • arises from lateral margin of oblique line
  • converges on OO and upper lip corner
  • lowers angle of mouth and assists in generating lip compression
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19
Q

mentalis

A
  • arises from incisive fossa and inserts into skin of chin
  • wrinkles chin and puffs out lower lip
  • pouting muscle
20
Q

incisivus labii inferiorus

A
  • arises from mandible near lower incisors
  • inserts into lower angle of mouth
  • pulls corner of mouth medially and downwards
21
Q

platysma

A
  • large thin sheet of muscle
  • classified with facial muscles
  • arises from pectoralis and deltoids
  • inserts throughout lower mouth, chin and mandibe
  • muscle tenses soft fleshy mouth and assists in mandibular lowering
  • draws lower lip downwards and laterally
  • may assist in compressing lip
22
Q

growth of the lips

A
  • initial growth 0-2 years
  • double in width
  • second growth 10-17
  • follow puberty
  • lip control for speech matures after jaw movements are stabalized
  • early production of bilabial sounds
23
Q

lip features

A
  • border between lip mucosa and skin is vermillion border
  • mucosa of lip much more sensitive than surrounding skin
  • among most sensitive regions of body for sensing texture differences
  • almost as good as fingertips
24
Q

facial nerve

A
  • motor innervation to all facial muscles
  • arise from dorsal brainstem at junction of pons and medulla
  • enters internal acoustic meatus and runs through petrous portion of temporal bone
  • forms geniculate ganglion in temporal bone
  • sends somatic sensory branches to ear
  • tongue taste neurons
  • proceeds to facial canal and exits skull
  • merge with lingual nerve CN V
  • facial canal
  • exits stylomastoid foramen
  • parotid gland
25
Q

5 branches of facial nerve

A
  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • buccal
  • mandibular
  • cervical
26
Q

facial motor innervation

A
  • upper facial muscles receive bilateral motor innervation
  • both sides of brain innervate each side of face
  • lower facial muscles only innervated by contralateral side of brainfac
27
Q

facial sensory innervation

A
  • trigeminal carries sensory info from face
  • fine touch
  • crude touch
  • proprioception
  • pain
  • temp
28
Q

CN V

A
  • foremost sensory nerve for face, oral cavity, nasal cavity and teeth
  • largest CN and largest CN nucleus
  • other sensory portions of nerves terminate in V
  • carries touch, proprioception and pain
  • motor nerve innervates muscles of mastication and TVP
29
Q

course of sensory branch of CN V

A

-emerges from lateral pons
-trigeminal ganglion is located close to brainstem
-3 branches
opthalmic -V1
maxillary - V2
mandibular - V3
-supplies entire face

30
Q

opthalmic nerve

A

V1

  • supplies upper face and portions of meninges
  • major divisions
  • frontal nerve innervates upper scalp, forehead, medial upper eyelid, upper orbit
  • nasociliary nerve carries innervation from eyelid, nose, nasal cavity, ethmoidal air sinus
  • lacrimal nerve also supplies parts of eyelids, conjunctiva and lacrimal gland
  • exits skull through superior orbital fissure
31
Q

maxillary branch

A

V2

  • emerges from trigeminal ganglia
  • exits skull through foramen rotundum
  • branches to menegies
  • zygomatic branch supplies skin over maxilla and zygomatic bone
  • infraorbital branch supplies upper lip, medial cheek and side of nose
  • superior alveolar branch carries sensation from upper teeth and gums
  • palatine nerves supply hard and soft palate
32
Q

mandibular division

A

V3

  • arises off of trigeminal ganglion and unites with motor branch
  • leaves skull through foramen ovale
  • emerges from foramen and splits into small anterior trunk and large posterior trunk
  • anterior trunk is mainly motor to muscles of mastication
  • posterior trunk:
33
Q

motor division of CN V

A
  • supplies:
  • tensor veli palatini
  • tensor tympani
  • lateral pterygoid
  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • anterior belly of digastric
  • mylohyoid

*remember to divide sensation of tongue into anterior and posterior divisions

34
Q

role of facial muscle in speech

A
  • orofacial or circumoral articulators contribute to:
  • shaping sound output
  • oral tract open or closed
  • degree of opening
  • shape of opening
  • timing of opening
  • producer of consonant sounds
  • active in coarticulation of sounds
35
Q

oropharynx

A

-from tip of lowered velum and palatopharyngeal arch down to level of hyoid bone

36
Q

lips in facial expression

A
  • lips = focus of facial muscle control
  • mobile and morphable
  • central to facial aesthetics
  • all innervated by facial nerve
37
Q

temporal branch

A

CN VII
temporal
-frontalis, occipatlis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator, supercili, procerus

38
Q

zygomatic branch

A

CN VII

-orbicularis oculi

39
Q

buccal branch

A

CN VII

  • buccinator
  • orbicularis oris superior
  • nasalis
  • levatoru labii
  • zygomatics
40
Q

mandibular branch

A

CN VII

  • orbicularis oris inferior
  • depressor labii
  • risorius
  • mentalis
41
Q

cervial branch

A

CN VII

-platysma

42
Q

other facial experssion muscles

A 
-orbicularis oculi
sphincter muscle surround eye
-frontalis
wrinkle forehead
-corrugator supercili
wrinkles eyebrow
-depressor supercili
lowers eyebrow
-nasalis
depresses nasal cartilages and narrows nares
-procerus
small unpaired trianglular muscle between eyebrows
-anterior and posterior nasal dialators
43
Q

facial sensation

A
  • highly acute and discriminative
  • important because lip muscles do not have muscle spindles or tendon organs
  • normal speaker brain accurately differentiates between facial/lip postures
44
Q

facial sensation vs limb sensation

A
  • muscle spindles typically present in skeletal muscles of limbs and trunk
  • joint sensors in joint
  • facial muscles dont have these sensors
45
Q

facial propriception

A
  • what sensory info relates to facial position, muscle tension, mouth degree opening
  • important for learning how to shape facial structures for speech sounds
46
Q

facial sensation sensory receptors

A
  • carries by receptors in skin of face and lips
  • as facial muscle stretch compress and/or tense skin:
  • tiny sensory receptors carry info to brain
  • brains job is to sort these different patterns
  • learn info associated with:
  • facial expression
  • shape acoustic sounds
47
Q

posterior trunk of mandibular branch V3

A
  • sensory supply of the lower face
  • inferior alveolar nerve supplies madibular teeth including gums
  • lingual nerve emerges from posterior trunk and provides sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • buccal branch carries sensory information from cheeck
  • auriculotemporal nerve supplies side of face, auricle, meatus, eardrum and TMJ

SHS 300 (14 decks)

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