bones Flashcards
frontal bone
-unpaired articulates: -zygomatic -nasal bone -parietal bone
sutures
- coronal
- saggital
- squamous
- lamboidal
parietal bone
- paired
- connect at midline saggital
- temporal - squamous
- frontal - coronal
- occipital - lamboidal
temporal
- paired
- 4 parts
temporal
sqaumous
- superior semi-circular
- thinnest
- roof of EAM
- zygomatic process
- base of zygomatic process forms mandibular fossa
temporal
tympanic
- anterior and inferior walls of ear canal
- thicker than squamous
- styloid process beneath ear canal
temporal
petrous
- thicker and deep to tympanic
- deep cavity housing cochlea and semicircular canals
temporal
mastoid
- posterior of temporal
- rise to mastoid process
- less dense than temporal or petrous
- muscle attachments
- contains air cells
temporal bone foramen
- mandibular fossa
- external auditory meatus
- internal auditory meatus
- stylomastoid
- cartoid canal
mandibular fossa
-depression for TMJ
external auditory meatus
-external ear canal
internal auditory meatus
-cranial nerves VII and VIII
stylomastoid
- CN VII exits skull
- stylomastoid artery
carotid canal
-entry for internal carotid artery into skull
occipital bone
- unpaired
- foramen magnum
- paired condyles - C1
- articulates:
- sphenoid bone at anterior of foramen magnum
foramen magnum
-junction of spinal cord and brainstem
ethmoid bone
- single bone
- internal medial portion of skull
- cranial and facial bone
- downward - perpendicular plate
- lateral = middle & superior nasal concha
- superior to concha is cribform plate
- superior and medial - crista galli
- lateral orbital plates articulate:
- frontal
- maxilla
- lacrimal
cribform plate
- form boundary between nasal and cranial cavity
- tiny holes for C1 - olfactory nerve
skull
22 bones
-synarthroidal sutures
cranial skeleton
- neurocranium
- protective vault for brain
neurocranium bones
- frontal
- parietal - 2
- temporal - 2
- occipital
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- 8
facial skeleton
splanchnocranium
-bones of face and lower portion of orbit
splanchnocranium bones
- vomer
- inferior concha - 2
- nasal - 2
- maxilla - 2
- mandible
- palatine - 2
- zygomatic - 2
- lacrimal - 2
- 14
additional bones
- 3 ME bones
- in temporal bone
- hyoid - adjacent to skull but not skull bone
foramen of orbit
- superior orbital fissure
- inferior orbital fissure
superior orbital fissure
- oculomotor nerve
- trochlear nerve
- opthalmic nerve
- opthalmic vein
inferior orbital fissure
- maxillary nerve - V2
- zygomatic branch VII
sphenoid bone
- forms part of orbital, nasal and pharyngeal cavities
- division between & forms part of anterior & middle cranial fossae
- forms large part of anteromedial skull
- connects many bones
- houses sphenoid sinuses
sphenoid superior view
- body is posterior and situated medially
- posteromedial is hypophyseal fossa
- lesser wings visable
hypophyseal fossa
- houses pituitary gland
- anterior border - tuberculum sellae
- posterior border - dorsum sellae
- clivus behind dorsum sellae and anterior to foramen magnum
sphenoid anterior view
- top most structure lesser wings
- plates project from body
- superior surface forms posterior portion of anterior cranial fossa
- inferior surface is roof of superior orbital fissure (CN III, IV, V, VI)
- superior orbital fissure divides lesser and upper wings
sphenoid posterior view
- triangular portion fills gap between squamous and petrous temporal bone
- spine on bottom of wing muscle attachment for TVP
- inferior surface forms groove for eustachian tube
- medial surface of temporal surface forms lateral wall of orbit
sphenoid articulates:
ALL bones of cranium -occipital -parietal -frontal -temporal -ethmoid some facial -vomer -palatine -maxillary -zygomatic
sphenoid foramen
- foramen ovale
- foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
- mandibular nerve V3
- lesser petrosal nerve
- accessory meningeal artery
foramen rotundum
- maxillary nerve V2
- infraorbital branch
pterygoid plates
- medial and lateral plates descend from jxn of wings and body
- cleft between plates forms notch & fossa
- lateral pterygoid plates forms orgin of lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
- medial plate forms post boundary of lateral wall of nasal cavity
- *ends in tiny hook called hamulus
- TVP loops through hamulus and ends in velum
- posterior border of medial plate is attachment for SPC
- margin of medial plate articulates with palatine bone
nasal bone
-small bones making up superior nasal surface
articulate:
-frontal bone superiorly
-maxillae laterally
-perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
*point of attachment for each nasal cartilage
maxillae
- paired
- body + 4 processes
- surface form much of floor of orbit
- contains infraorbital margin that runs from frontal to zygomatic process
- nasal crest with nasal spine is medial ridge formed from palatine process
zygomatic process of maxillae
-anterior termination of zygomatic bone
frontal process of maxillae
-directed upwards to connect with frontal bone and form lateral wall of nasal cavity
alveolar process of maxillae
-houses teeth
palatine process of maxillae
- lateral plates form 3/4 of roof of and anterior oral cavity
- floor of nasal cavity
maxillae articulates
articulate:
- frontal
- ethmoid
- nasal
- lacrimal
- zygomatic
- palatine
- vomer
- inferior nasal concha
- opposite maxilla
maxillae foramen
- infraorbital foramen
- incisive foramen
infraorbital foramen
- infraorbital nerve - V2
- innervates upper lip, medial cheek, side of nose
incisive foramen
- nasopalatine nerve - V2
- lower posterior part of nasal septum, lingual gums w/maxillary incisor and canine teeth
palatine bone
- paired
- located behind maxilla
- forms posterior nasal cavity (floor and lateral wall)
- posterior roof of oral cavity
- floor of orbit
- medially form nasal spine and crest
- soft palate continue off palatine
- posterior edge bone turns upward laterally
- forms perpendicular plate which is posterolateral wall of nasal cavity
palatine bone articulate
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
- inferior nasal concha
- vomer
inferior nasal concha
- paired
- tiny, scroll like
- inferior walls of nasal cavity
- connect anteriorly maxilla
- connect posteriorly palatine
- connect superiorly ethmoid
- inferior border is free and forms lateral and superior margins of inferior meatus
vomer
- unpaired
- forms inferior and posterior nasal septum
- anteriorly connects to nasal cartilage
- posterior border free
vomer articulates
- perpendicular plate of ethmoid
- rostrum of sphenoid superiorly
lacrimal bone
- paired
- smalled facial bone
- orbital and nasal surface
- bones form medial nasal wall
lacrimal articulates
- frontal
- ethmoid
- maxilla
- inferior nasal concha
zygomatic
- zygomatic arch = cheekbones
- 4 sided body with 4 processes
- temporal process
- frontal process
- maxillary process
- orbital process
- site of important muscle attachments
zygomatic articulates
- frontal
- sphenoid
- maxilla
- temporal
mandible
- jaw bone
- heavy bone supporting lower teeth
- connect to skull - TMJ
- single bone in adults
- joined at mental symphysis at 1 yr
- anterior point is chin
- upper surface is alveolar arch of teeth
- arch is continuous with posterior mandibular ramus
- ramus curves 90 degrees up and divides to condyle and coronoid
coronoid process of ramus
- anterior
- sharp projection
- attach temporalis
condyle process of ramus
-posterior
-head and neck
-attach TMJ
-pterygoid fovea
small depression near head for lateral pterygoid attachments
role of jaw
-only bony articulator of skull primary function -open oral tract for respiration -crush and grind in mastication speech note -primary articulator in speech and song
mental foramen
- mental nerve is branch of alveolar nerve V3
- innervates:
- skin of lower chin
- lower lip
- mucosal membrane of lower lip
- mandible incisor and canine
- exits mandibular foramen to main trunk
jaw disorders
- malocclusion
- TMJ syndrome
- congenital mandibular hypoplasia
- inadequate mandible development
- cleft palate
frontal sinus
- behind superciliary arch
- paired sinus in frontal bone
- not full until puberty
- drain to middle meatus
maxillary sinus
- within maxillary bone
- present at birth
- drain to middle meatus
ethmoid sinus
- in ethmoid bone
- present at birth
- complex labyrinth of air spaces
- drain in superior and middle meatus
sphenoid sinus
- paired sinuses separated by variable midline spetum
- forms in third year of life
- opening behind superior turbinate of nasal cavity
bones of orbit
- frontal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- maxillae
- palatine
- lacrimal
- zygomatic
bones of nasal cavity
walls -maxillae -palatine bone -pterygoid plate -ethmoid -inferior concha -lacrimal enclosed -nasal bone above floor -palatine -maxilla septum -vomer
bones of roof of mouth
- hard palate
- palatine
- maxillae
