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SHS 300 > bones > Flashcards

bones Flashcards

1
Q

frontal bone

A 
-unpaired
articulates:
-zygomatic
-nasal bone
-parietal bone
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2
Q

sutures

A
  • coronal
  • saggital
  • squamous
  • lamboidal
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3
Q

parietal bone

A
  • paired
  • connect at midline saggital
  • temporal - squamous
  • frontal - coronal
  • occipital - lamboidal
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4
Q

temporal

A
  • paired

- 4 parts

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5
Q

temporal

sqaumous

A
  • superior semi-circular
  • thinnest
  • roof of EAM
  • zygomatic process
  • base of zygomatic process forms mandibular fossa
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6
Q

temporal

tympanic

A
  • anterior and inferior walls of ear canal
  • thicker than squamous
  • styloid process beneath ear canal
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7
Q

temporal

petrous

A
  • thicker and deep to tympanic

- deep cavity housing cochlea and semicircular canals

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8
Q

temporal

mastoid

A
  • posterior of temporal
  • rise to mastoid process
  • less dense than temporal or petrous
  • muscle attachments
  • contains air cells
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9
Q

temporal bone foramen

A
  • mandibular fossa
  • external auditory meatus
  • internal auditory meatus
  • stylomastoid
  • cartoid canal
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10
Q

mandibular fossa

A

-depression for TMJ

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11
Q

external auditory meatus

A

-external ear canal

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12
Q

internal auditory meatus

A

-cranial nerves VII and VIII

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13
Q

stylomastoid

A
  • CN VII exits skull

- stylomastoid artery

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14
Q

carotid canal

A

-entry for internal carotid artery into skull

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15
Q

occipital bone

A
  • unpaired
  • foramen magnum
  • paired condyles - C1
  • articulates:
  • sphenoid bone at anterior of foramen magnum
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16
Q

foramen magnum

A

-junction of spinal cord and brainstem

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17
Q

ethmoid bone

A
  • single bone
  • internal medial portion of skull
  • cranial and facial bone
  • downward - perpendicular plate
  • lateral = middle & superior nasal concha
  • superior to concha is cribform plate
  • superior and medial - crista galli
  • lateral orbital plates articulate:
  • frontal
  • maxilla
  • lacrimal
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18
Q

cribform plate

A
  • form boundary between nasal and cranial cavity

- tiny holes for C1 - olfactory nerve

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19
Q

skull

A

22 bones

-synarthroidal sutures

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20
Q

cranial skeleton

A
  • neurocranium

- protective vault for brain

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21
Q

neurocranium bones

A
  • frontal
  • parietal - 2
  • temporal - 2
  • occipital
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
  • 8
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22
Q

facial skeleton

A

splanchnocranium

-bones of face and lower portion of orbit

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23
Q

splanchnocranium bones

A
  • vomer
  • inferior concha - 2
  • nasal - 2
  • maxilla - 2
  • mandible
  • palatine - 2
  • zygomatic - 2
  • lacrimal - 2
  • 14
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24
Q

additional bones

A
  • 3 ME bones
  • in temporal bone
  • hyoid - adjacent to skull but not skull bone
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25
Q

foramen of orbit

A
  • superior orbital fissure

- inferior orbital fissure

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26
Q

superior orbital fissure

A
  • oculomotor nerve
  • trochlear nerve
  • opthalmic nerve
  • opthalmic vein
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27
Q

inferior orbital fissure

A
  • maxillary nerve - V2

- zygomatic branch VII

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28
Q

sphenoid bone

A
  • forms part of orbital, nasal and pharyngeal cavities
  • division between & forms part of anterior & middle cranial fossae
  • forms large part of anteromedial skull
  • connects many bones
  • houses sphenoid sinuses
29
Q

sphenoid superior view

A
  • body is posterior and situated medially
  • posteromedial is hypophyseal fossa
  • lesser wings visable
30
Q

hypophyseal fossa

A
  • houses pituitary gland
  • anterior border - tuberculum sellae
  • posterior border - dorsum sellae
  • clivus behind dorsum sellae and anterior to foramen magnum
31
Q

sphenoid anterior view

A
  • top most structure lesser wings
  • plates project from body
  • superior surface forms posterior portion of anterior cranial fossa
  • inferior surface is roof of superior orbital fissure (CN III, IV, V, VI)
  • superior orbital fissure divides lesser and upper wings
32
Q

sphenoid posterior view

A
  • triangular portion fills gap between squamous and petrous temporal bone
  • spine on bottom of wing muscle attachment for TVP
  • inferior surface forms groove for eustachian tube
  • medial surface of temporal surface forms lateral wall of orbit
33
Q

sphenoid articulates:

A 
ALL bones of cranium
-occipital 
-parietal
-frontal
-temporal
-ethmoid
some facial
-vomer
-palatine
-maxillary
-zygomatic
34
Q

sphenoid foramen

A
  • foramen ovale

- foramen rotundum

35
Q

foramen ovale

A
  • mandibular nerve V3
  • lesser petrosal nerve
  • accessory meningeal artery
36
Q

foramen rotundum

A
  • maxillary nerve V2

- infraorbital branch

37
Q

pterygoid plates

A
  • medial and lateral plates descend from jxn of wings and body
  • cleft between plates forms notch & fossa
  • lateral pterygoid plates forms orgin of lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
  • medial plate forms post boundary of lateral wall of nasal cavity
  • *ends in tiny hook called hamulus
  • TVP loops through hamulus and ends in velum
  • posterior border of medial plate is attachment for SPC
  • margin of medial plate articulates with palatine bone
38
Q

nasal bone

A

-small bones making up superior nasal surface
articulate:
-frontal bone superiorly
-maxillae laterally
-perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
*point of attachment for each nasal cartilage

39
Q

maxillae

A
  • paired
  • body + 4 processes
  • surface form much of floor of orbit
  • contains infraorbital margin that runs from frontal to zygomatic process
  • nasal crest with nasal spine is medial ridge formed from palatine process
40
Q

zygomatic process of maxillae

A

-anterior termination of zygomatic bone

41
Q

frontal process of maxillae

A

-directed upwards to connect with frontal bone and form lateral wall of nasal cavity

42
Q

alveolar process of maxillae

A

-houses teeth

43
Q

palatine process of maxillae

A
  • lateral plates form 3/4 of roof of and anterior oral cavity
  • floor of nasal cavity
44
Q

maxillae articulates

A

articulate:

  • frontal
  • ethmoid
  • nasal
  • lacrimal
  • zygomatic
  • palatine
  • vomer
  • inferior nasal concha
  • opposite maxilla
45
Q

maxillae foramen

A
  • infraorbital foramen

- incisive foramen

46
Q

infraorbital foramen

A
  • infraorbital nerve - V2

- innervates upper lip, medial cheek, side of nose

47
Q

incisive foramen

A
  • nasopalatine nerve - V2

- lower posterior part of nasal septum, lingual gums w/maxillary incisor and canine teeth

48
Q

palatine bone

A
  • paired
  • located behind maxilla
  • forms posterior nasal cavity (floor and lateral wall)
  • posterior roof of oral cavity
  • floor of orbit
  • medially form nasal spine and crest
  • soft palate continue off palatine
  • posterior edge bone turns upward laterally
  • forms perpendicular plate which is posterolateral wall of nasal cavity
49
Q

palatine bone articulate

A
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
  • inferior nasal concha
  • vomer
50
Q

inferior nasal concha

A
  • paired
  • tiny, scroll like
  • inferior walls of nasal cavity
  • connect anteriorly maxilla
  • connect posteriorly palatine
  • connect superiorly ethmoid
  • inferior border is free and forms lateral and superior margins of inferior meatus
51
Q

vomer

A
  • unpaired
  • forms inferior and posterior nasal septum
  • anteriorly connects to nasal cartilage
  • posterior border free
52
Q

vomer articulates

A
  • perpendicular plate of ethmoid

- rostrum of sphenoid superiorly

53
Q

lacrimal bone

A
  • paired
  • smalled facial bone
  • orbital and nasal surface
  • bones form medial nasal wall
54
Q

lacrimal articulates

A
  • frontal
  • ethmoid
  • maxilla
  • inferior nasal concha
55
Q

zygomatic

A
  • zygomatic arch = cheekbones
  • 4 sided body with 4 processes
  • temporal process
  • frontal process
  • maxillary process
  • orbital process
  • site of important muscle attachments
56
Q

zygomatic articulates

A
  • frontal
  • sphenoid
  • maxilla
  • temporal
57
Q

mandible

A
  • jaw bone
  • heavy bone supporting lower teeth
  • connect to skull - TMJ
  • single bone in adults
  • joined at mental symphysis at 1 yr
  • anterior point is chin
  • upper surface is alveolar arch of teeth
  • arch is continuous with posterior mandibular ramus
  • ramus curves 90 degrees up and divides to condyle and coronoid
58
Q

coronoid process of ramus

A
  • anterior
  • sharp projection
  • attach temporalis
59
Q

condyle process of ramus

A

-posterior
-head and neck
-attach TMJ
-pterygoid fovea
small depression near head for lateral pterygoid attachments

60
Q

role of jaw

A 
-only bony articulator of skull
primary function
-open oral tract for respiration
-crush and grind in mastication
speech note
-primary articulator in speech and song
61
Q

mental foramen

A
  • mental nerve is branch of alveolar nerve V3
  • innervates:
  • skin of lower chin
  • lower lip
  • mucosal membrane of lower lip
  • mandible incisor and canine
  • exits mandibular foramen to main trunk
62
Q

jaw disorders

A
  • malocclusion
  • TMJ syndrome
  • congenital mandibular hypoplasia
  • inadequate mandible development
  • cleft palate
63
Q

frontal sinus

A
  • behind superciliary arch
  • paired sinus in frontal bone
  • not full until puberty
  • drain to middle meatus
64
Q

maxillary sinus

A
  • within maxillary bone
  • present at birth
  • drain to middle meatus
65
Q

ethmoid sinus

A
  • in ethmoid bone
  • present at birth
  • complex labyrinth of air spaces
  • drain in superior and middle meatus
66
Q

sphenoid sinus

A
  • paired sinuses separated by variable midline spetum
  • forms in third year of life
  • opening behind superior turbinate of nasal cavity
67
Q

bones of orbit

A
  • frontal
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
  • maxillae
  • palatine
  • lacrimal
  • zygomatic
68
Q

bones of nasal cavity

A 
walls
-maxillae
-palatine bone
-pterygoid plate
-ethmoid
-inferior concha
-lacrimal
enclosed
-nasal bone above
floor
-palatine
-maxilla
septum
-vomer
69
Q

bones of roof of mouth

A
  • hard palate
  • palatine
  • maxillae

SHS 300 (14 decks)

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