Development in Early Adulthood Chapter 9 Flashcards
Primary Aging
age-related physical changes that have a biological basis and are universally shared and inevitable
Secondary Aging
age-related changes that are due to social and environmental influences, poor health habits, or disease
Disability-Adjusted Life Years (D A L Y)
measure of overall disease burden
Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (H A L E)
Number of years in good health an individual is expected to live given current morbidity and mortality conditions
Quality-Adjusted Life Years (Q A L Y)
measure of how many years of life are lived in good health
Biological embedding:
social circumstances in the first few years of a child’s life can cause epigenetic modifications in the brain and body systems that determine the trajectory—for better or worse—of a person’s health through adulthood
Which one has increased over the past few decades in Canada
HALE,
QALY
DALY
HALE: Number of years in good health an individual is expected to live given current morbidity and mortality conditions
Which plays the biggest role in determinents of health?
Health care system
Biology and genetics
Physical environment
Socioeconomic
Socioeconomic
Adults with adequate what? have a lower risk of disease, death, and depression than do adults with weaker what or less supportive relationships
social support
Those who are high in self-efficacy are more likely to follow medical advice with regard to health problems
locus of control is important
Optimism
Being more positive can have health benefits
What was the 5th additional stage some theorists believed in called after Piaget’s formal operations stage?
Postformal thought: Idea of being able to take in multiple perspectives at the same time (self actualization kind of)
Relativism:
the idea that some propositions cannot be adequately described as either true or false
Dialectical thought:
a form of thought involving recognition and acceptance of paradox and uncertainty
Reflective judgement:
the ability to identify the underlying assumptions of differing perspectives on controversial issues
The Seattle Longitudinal Study (Warner Schaie) shows what
Cross-sectional comparisons support a steady drop in I Q
Longitudinal evidence suggests I Q rises in early adulthood, plateaus until age 60, and then declines
Explain Erikson’s stage of Intimacy versus isolation:
Erikson’s early adulthood stage, in which an individual must find a life partner or supportive friends in order to avoid social isolation
Explain Levinson’s life structure theory
Adults cycle through periods of stability and instability
An adult passes through three phases when a new life structure is required:
Novice phase: adjusting to adulthood
Mid-era phase: increase in competence
Culmination phase: successfully managing demands
Emerging adults must address developmental tasks in five domains what are they
Academic
Friendship
Conduct
Work
Romantic
List the 3 theories of mate selection
Evolutionary
Social role theory
Neuroscience
Explain Evolutionary theory of mate selection
Parental investment theory (investment in children)
Males - physical attractiveness, youth
Women - money, stability
Explain Neuroscience theory of mate selection
Parent–infant and romantic-couple bonds share much of the same neural architecture and physiology: dopamine and oxytocin
E E G scans show there is greater neuro-synchrony among couples and close friends than there is among strangers
Explain Social role theory of mate selection
Adaptation to gender roles
Assortative mating (homogamy): the tendency to mate with someone who has traits similar to one’s own
Sternbergs 3 components of love are?
Intimacy
Passion
Commitment
Conflict Management
How a couple manages conflict is a predictor of relationship quality
Couples with stable or enduring marriages may be:
Validating
Volatile
Avoidant
hostile/engaged
Validating
Volatile
Avoidant
Couples with unsuccessful marriages may be:
Hostile/engaged
Hostile/detached
Volatile
Avoidant
Hostile/engaged
Hostile/detached
Psychological effects of divorce
with increases in mental health problems, especially depression
Men 3 times more likely : depressed following martial breakdown
Women 2½ times more likely to become depressed following martial breakdown
economic effects of divorce
Most men commonly leave a marriage with far greater earning power than women
Women usually retain custody of the children
Divorced men generally increase their economic positions to above average
Divorced women are strongly adversely affected, with an average decline in income to below average
For many women, the financial effect never disappears, unless they were above-average earners before divorce
Three dominant attachment patterns among long-term singles
Avoidant
security
anxiety
Kin-keeper:
a family role, usually occupied by a woman, which includes responsibility for maintaining family and friendship relationships
Women have a larger relationship role than men do
Hollands personality types and work preferences
realistic:practical , scientific, methodological (vet, dentist
investigative : Observe, analyze, evalute (environmental health specialist)
artistic: inivative, intuitive, creative (public health communications specialist)
social: Enlighten, enform, train (Health educator)
enterprising: Influence, persuade, perform (policymaker)
conventional: data driven, analytical (data administrator)
Super’s Stages of Career Development
Growth
exploratory
establishment/stabalization
Maintenance
What is crystallized intelligence?
depends heavily on education and experience
E.g., vocabulary, ability to read, technical skills for your job
What is fluid intelligence
involves more “basic” abilities that depend on the efficient functioning of the central nervous system
E.g., abstract reasoning –> declines steadily around 35 0r 40
