Chapter 6 -Forensic Psychology Deception Flashcards
Methods of detecting deception in Ancient China required suspects to do which of the following tasks?
1. putting their arm in a cauldron of boiling water
2. chewing a piece of bread
3. chewing dry rice powder
4. putting their hand on a hot iron
5. walking across hot coals
- chewing dry rice powder
In Canada, polygraph training is provided by:
1. Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)
2. Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC)
3. The Canadian Police College (CPC)
4. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
5. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- The Canadian Police College (CPC)
The first polygraph test was developed by:
William Marston
James Frye
A group of FBI researchers
John Larson
Hugo Munsterberg
William Marston
What has been identified as a major problem particular to the Comparison Question Test (CQT)?
1. The use of extra-polygraph cues by the examiner
2. High false-positive rate
3. Difficult to tell because no North American studies have been conducted on the CQT
4. High false-negative rate
5. Falsely classifying guilty suspects as innocent
- High false-positive rate
Which of the following is not measured by the polygraph test?
Heart rate
Galvanic skin response
Breathing
Micro facial expressions
the polygraph measures all of the above
Micro facial expressions
Can a polygraph tell if you are lying or not?
No, polygraph is not a lie detector but physiological change tracker
it measures changes in physiological states, some which we associate with lying
What is a problem with the assumption that deception is related to physiological states?
1. It doesn’t make sense
2. There is no problem
3. Physiological states associated with lying are often the same as many other states such as anxiety, anger, fear
4. False positive
- Physiological states associated with lying are often the same as many other states such as anxiety, anger, fear
What 3 things does a polygraph measure?
1. respiration, deception, sweating
2. sweating, heart rate, saliva
3. blood pressure, respiration
4. Respiration, sweating, heart rate
5. Saliva, lying, sweating
- Respiration, sweating, heart rate
What is the measurement device used to measure respiration in a polygraph?
1. Electrodes
2. Blood pressure cuff
3. Pneumo-graphs
- Pneumo-graphs
What are 3 types of polygraph tests called?
Relevant/ Irrelevant Test, Comparison Question Test, Concealed Information Test
Explain how the Relevant/ Irrelevant Test works
Relevant/ Irrelevant Test: Examiner asks 2 diff type of questions that were either relevant to crime (did you steal the money?) or questions that were irrelevant to crime (is today wednesday?). If the physiological response was larger on the relevant q then this would be interpreted as the person lying
Explain how the Comparison Question Test works
The same as relevant/irrelevant q test but includes a comparison question which deals with prior behaviour not with the crime itself (before age 25 did you ever verbally threaten to hurt someone?). 10 y/n q’s of relevant, irrelevant, and comparison q’s–> if ppl innocent will have higher reactions to comparison q. If someone guilty have higher reaction to relevant q’s
What is the most commonly used type of polygraph test?
Comparison Question Test
Explain how the Concealed Information Test works
t doesn’t try to assess deception but sees whether suspect knows details about the crime that only person who committed crime would know. 10 multiple choice q each q has a correct answer (critical option) and 4 foils (incorrect but could fit). Guilty people will respond higher when correct answer in sequence is shown
What is the CIT Concealed Information Test vulnerable to?
False positive errors
False negative errors
Both errors
Positive errors
Negative errors
False negative errors –> falsely classify guilty suspects as being innocent
What is a false positive error?
falsely classify innocent suspects as being guilty
What is a false negative error?
falsely classify guilty suspects as being innocent
What is the CQT Comparison Question Test vulnerable to?
False positive errors
False negative errors
Both errorsPositive errors
Negative errors
False positive errors –> falsely classify innocent suspects as being guilty
What is the polygraph dependent on?
Questioning techniques and interviewee beliefs
What is one event related brain potential that has shown promise?
B300
C500
D345
P300
P300– Used to detect guilty knowledge : guilty ppl should respond to crime related events w larger P300 response compared to non crime related events
Other than the polygraph test, what are at least 3 other deception detection tools?
Thermal Imaging, Event related brain potentials (ERP), Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
What is the most common method of detecting deception?
1. Polygraph
2. Multiple choice questions
3. Analysis of verbal characteristics and non verbal behaviours
4. Brain imaging
- Analysis of verbal characteristics and non verbal behaviours
What do liars show less of?
1. sweating and low heart rate
2. Fidgeting and nodding
3.Nodding, foot/leg movements, hand movements
4. food/leg movements
3.Nodding, foot/leg movements, hand movements
What are non verbal cues associated with lying
Less/ fewer: nodding, hand movements, foot/leg movements
What is malingering?
Exaggerating or fabricating a mental pr phsyical disorder for secondary gain
Which of these disorders is a factitious disorders?
1. Schizophrenia
2.Depression
3.Munchausen, Munchausen by proxy, Malingering
3.Munchausen, Munchausen by proxy, Malingering
What is a factitious disorders?
When a person intentionally acts like they have a physical or mental illness but don’t
What is the difference between munchausen syndrome and munchausen byproxy syndrome?
munchausen syndrome: Intentionally produce physical complaint and harms self to continue symptoms
What is defensiveness?
People who want to present themselves in positive way usually to meet external need such as desire to be perceives as a fit parents.
Conscious denial or minimization of symptoms
