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Cognitive Psychology > Development in Adolescence Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Development in Adolescence Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Puberty?

A

Puberty is a process experienced by all children that propels the in the direction of physical and sexual maturity

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2
Q

During puberty what happens?

A

children grow taller and stronger
Develop secondary sex characteristics
Experience a wide range of personal and social impacts

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3
Q

What are the most crucial elements of puberty?

A

are the glands that make up the endocrine system
Endocrine glands produce hormones and release them into the bloodstream

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4
Q

What are gonads?

A

ovaries in F, testes in M
are the major source of sex hormones estrogen and androgen

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5
Q

What does HPG axis stand for?

A

hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonads

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6
Q

What does the HPG form?

A

The feedback loop

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7
Q

Explain HPG axis and negative feedback?

A

If the level of sex hormones is too low, the hypothalamus sends a substance called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to the pituitary

Pituitary produces more luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

When LH and FSH reach the gonads, they increase production of sex hormone

As gonads produce and release more sex hormones, the hypothalamus monitors the rising levels

When the level reaches the set point, the hypothalamus lowers production of GnRH, which signals to the pituitary to stop producing LH and FSH

In turn, the gonads reduce production of sex hormones

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8
Q

During growth spurt, how much does a girl vs a boy grow in height every year?

A

girls 8 cm and guys 9 cm

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9
Q

How much sooner do girls finish their growth spurt compared to guys?

A

2 years

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10
Q

When does a girls growth spurt start and when does a boys start

A

girls : 10 peak at 12
boys: 12 peak at 14

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11
Q

What is the average age of menarche in Canada?

A

13, has decreased since the 20th century

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12
Q

Why has the age of menarche decreased over the years?

A

Heredity (reaction range)
Environmental factors
Social and psychological factors

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13
Q

Throughout the world the age of menarche is linked to what?

A

Social class

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14
Q

Menarche and the secular trend?

A

Puberty is starting earlier for boys and girls now compared to 100 years ago

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15
Q

3 effects of puberty timing

A

Deviance hypotheses
Stage Termination Hypothesis
Adult Resemblance Hypothesis

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16
Q

What is Adult Resemblance Hypothesis

A

The idea that young adolescents who seem more adult-like will be treated more as adults, for better or worse

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17
Q

What is Deviance hypotheses

A

The idea that those who enter puberty at a time noticeable different from their peers will be negatively affected

18
Q

What is Stage Termination Hypothesis

A

The idea that girls who enter puberty early suffer because they did not have time to accomplish the normal tasks of childhood

19
Q

When does teen pregnancy occurs more often ?

A

if sexual activity begins earlier
unstable family environment
if mother had children early

20
Q

What one of Erikson’s stages is involved in adolescence?

A

Identity vs role confusion: the stage during which adolescents attain a sense of who they are

21
Q

an understanding of one’s unique characteristics and how they are manifested across ages, situations, and social roles is what?

A

Identity

22
Q

According to James Marcia, adolescent identity formation has two key parts what are they?

A

a crisis and a commitment

23
Q

Identity formation can impact social relationships or vice versa who agrees with this?

A

James Marcia

24
Q

What is a crisis?

A

Crisis: a period of decision making when old values and choices are re-examined

25
Q

Four different identity statuses are possible in Marcias model: what are they

A

Identity achievement
Moratorium
Foreclosure
Identity diffusion

26
Q

Explain Identity achievement

A

The person has been through a crisis and has reached a comittment to ideological, occupational, or other goals

27
Q

Explain Moratorium

A

The identity status of a person who is in a crisis but who has made no comittment

28
Q

Explain Foreclosure

A

The identity status of a person who has made a commitment without having gone through a crisis: the person has simply accepted a parentally or culturally defined commitment

29
Q

Explain Identity diffusion

A

The identity status of a person who is not in the midst of a crisis and who has made no commitment

30
Q

Adultification:

A

the process by which a child or adolescent prematurely takes on adult roles and responsibilities (Immigrant and Indigenous youth, experience parental divorce, mental health problems, alcohol-substance abuse, and/or violence)

31
Q

What factors impact self esteem

A

school
self
relationships
Lifestyle
achievements
Experiences

32
Q

Gender-role identity is what?

A

the gender-related aspects of the psychological self

33
Q

What is Piaget’s 4th stage?

A

Formal operational stage: adolescents learn to reason logically about abstract concepts

34
Q

Egocentrism may reveal itself in 2 ways, what are they?

A

Imaginary audience
Personal fable (no one understands me!!!)

35
Q

Working more than how many hours per week is detrimental to high school students’ grades and increases personal stress

A

15 to 20

36
Q

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging

A

Bulimia:

37
Q

Anorexia nervosa:

A

an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation

38
Q

Strategies to improve youth mental health

A

Early identification
Intervention
foster resilience

39
Q

systematic problem-solving

A

￭ The ability to search methodically for the answers to a problem

40
Q

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning:

A

the ability to derive conclusions from hypothetical premises

41
Q

Naïve idealism:

A

a mental construct of an ideal world as compared to the real world

Cognitive Psychology (19 decks)

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