Development Details

Question 1

Measurable aspects of development

Answer 1

-Economic development
-Social development

Question 2

Economic indicators

Answer 2

-Gross National Product(GDP)
-Gross National Income(GNI)
-GNI per capita(person)

Question 3

Social indicators

Answer 3

-Life expectancy
-Infant mortality rate
-Percentage of people living below US$2.15 per day
-Percentage of people with access to clean water and sanitation
-Average number of people per doctor
-Percentage of children and young people who attend primary school, secondary school and higher education
-Percentage of the population who have possessions such as mobile phones, television and the Internet

Question 4

Main components of the Human Development Index(HDI)

Answer 4

-Life expectancy
-GNI per capita
-Adult literacy rate

Question 5

Sectors of employment

Answer 5

-Primary sector
-Secondary sector
-Tertiary sector
-Quaternary sector

Question 6

Reasons for a drop in the primary sector

Answer 6

-Depletion of raw materials
-Mechanisation reduces the need for workers
-Cheaper to import raw materials
-Social changes
-Policies(eg. ones that reduce the number of fish that can be caught)

Question 7

Reasons for an increase in the secondary sector

Answer 7

Industrial Revolution requires more workers

Question 8

Reasons for a decrease in the secondary sector

Answer 8

-Mechanisation/Automation
-Manufacturing industries move to NICs where land and labour is cheaper
-Cheaper to import materials/products
-Policies
-Social changes

Question 9

Reasons for an increase in the tertiary sector

Answer 9

-Population has more disposable income
-Higher demand for services
-Majority of population prefers working in tertiary sector
-Technological developments

Question 10

Causes of globalisation

Answer 10

-Increased trade
-Labour availability and skills
-Improvements in transport
-Quick communications

Question 11

Benefits of globalisation

Answer 11

-Money invested in LEDCs
-TNCs bring wealth and foreign currency to LEDCs
-Global competition keeps prices low
-More global synchronization(countries can help each other more quickly/easier with international problems)
-Greater access to foreign culture(eg. films, music, food, clothing, etc.)

Question 12

Disadvantages of globalisation

Answer 12

-Richest countries dominate world trade at the expense of LEDCs
-No guarantees that investments will benefit the local community(as profits are sent back to MEDCs)
-Loss of individuality of countries
-Outsourcing takes away manufacturing jobs from MEDCs
-Safety of workers/the natural environment are put at risk due to a lack of strictly enforced laws
-Lack of local businesses due to emergence of TNCs