Development and Meninges Flashcards
Neural tube forms _______.
CNS
Neural tube expands ____________ from the brain.
anteriorly
Peripheral nerves develop from ___________________.
lateral neural crest cells
What is the name of the condition where the caudal end of the neural tube is not completely closed?
spina bifida
Do sensory cells develop from the neural crest or the neural tube?
neural crest
Do motor cells develop from the neural crest or the neural tube?
neural tube
Which glial cells does the neural crest develop into?
- Schwann cells
- satellite cells
Which glial cells does the neural tube develop into?
- oligodendrocytes
- astrocytes
- microglia
- ependymal cells
What are the major parts of the nervous system during primary expansion?
- forebrain
- midbrain
- hindbrain
- spinal cord
What is another name for the forebrain?
prosencephalon
What is another name for the midbrain?
mesencephalon
What is another name for the hindbrain?
rhombencephalon
What does the forebrain differentiate into during secondary expansion of the nervous system?
- telencephalon
- diencephalon
Which part of the brain has the fastest proliferation speed during secondary expansion?
telencephalon
Which becomes the cerebral cortex? Diencephalon or telencephalon?
telencephalon –> cerebral cortex
What does the hindbrain differentiate into during secondary expansion of the nervous system?
- metencephalon
- myelencephalon
TRUE or FALSE: The midbrain does not differentiate during secondary expansion of the nervous system.
TRUE
What does the rhombencephalon ultimately differentiate into in cerebral growth expansion?
- cerebellum (metencephalon)
- medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)
What structure is found within the lateral fissure?
Insula
Which structure(s) is/are part of the prosencephalon?
a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
d) midbrain
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum
a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
Which structure(s) is/are part of the diencephalon?
a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
d) midbrain
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
Which structure(s) is/are part of the mesencephalon?
a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
d) midbrain
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum
d) midbrain
Which structure(s) is/are part of the rhombencephalon?
a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
d) midbrain
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum
Which structure(s) is/are part of the metencephalon?
a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
d) midbrain
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum
f) pons
g) cerebellum
Which structure(s) is/are part of the myelencephalon?
a) cerebral hemisphere
b) thalamus
c) hypothalamus
d) midbrain
e) medulla
f) pons
g) cerebellum
e) medulla
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
coordinate voluntary movements
What is the function of the thalamus?
sensory relay
Arrange the following from outermost to innermost:
CSF, dura mater, pia mater, bone, arachnoid mater
- bone
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- CSF
- pia mater
Arrange the following from outermost to innermost:
- skull cap (calvaria)
- loose CT + Pericranium
- scalp
- meninges
- scalp
- loose CT + pericranium
- skull cap (calvaria)
- meninges
Which artery supplies the dura mater?
middle meningeal artery
What is the name of the invagination of dura mater found between the 2 hemispheres of the brain?
falx cerebri
Where is CSF found in the brain?
subarachnoid space
What is the difference between cranial and spinal dura mater?
cranial dura mater: 2 layers, attached to inner calvarial surface
spinal dura mater: 1 layer, suspended in vertebral canal
What is the difference between the cranial and spinal epidural space?
cranial epidural space: POTENTIAL space between periosteum and calvaria
spinal epidural space: REAL space between dura and vertebral periosteum
What is the difference between cranial and spinal arachnoid villi?
cranial arachnoid villi: attached to dura mater
spinal arachnoid villi: attached to dura mater
(i.e. they are the same…no difference)
What is the difference between cranial and spinal pia mater?
cranial pia mater: attached to brain surface
spinal pia mater: attached to spinal cord and denticulate ligaments
How many cranial spinal cord segments are there?
C1-C8
How many cranial vertebrae are there?
C1-C7
How many thoracic spinal cord segments are there?
T1-T12
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
T1-T12
How many lumbar spinal cord segments are there?
L1-L5
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
L1-L5
How many saccral vertebrae are there?
S1 (5 fused vertebrae)
What is the name of the fibrous nerve roots at the end of the spinal cord?
cauda equina
Where on the spinal cord can the conus medullaris be found?
L1
