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NEURO 375 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

lesion to cerebellum leads to?

A
  • gait imbalance, poor postural control
  • poor coordination of voluntary movements, slurred speech
    (note: movement still allowed but not controlled well)
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2
Q

Via which tracts does the cerebellum compare willful command with muscle tension, joint position, and tone? Are the tracts ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

ipsilateral spinocerebellar tracts

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3
Q

which 2 afferent tracts does the cerebellum receive? which peduncles do the tracts pass through? What do the tracts innervate? Indicate which tract has motor afferents and which has sensory afferents?

A
  • corticopontocerebellar tract: middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), premotor and motor cortex (MOTOR AFFERENTS)
  • spinocerebellar tracts: inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP), upper and lower limbs (SENSORY AFFERENTS)
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4
Q

lesions to corticospinal tract have ______________ effects, whereas, lesions to the cerebellum have ________________ effects. (contralateral/ipsilateral)

A
  • corticospinal tract lesion = contralateral
  • cerebellum lesion = ipsilateral
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5
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Cerebellum only acts before the movement.

A

FALSE: acts before and during movement (to correct for errors)

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6
Q

What is ataxia? Lesion to which brain region/structure causes this? Is there a tendency to fall to the same or opposite side of the lesion - why?

A
  • lack of coordination of muscle movements
  • lesion to cerebellum
  • fall to same side as lesion b/c cerebellum lesion = ipsilateral
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7
Q

What are 2 types of ataxia?

A
  • dysmetria = overshooting goal in reaching for target
  • dysdiadochokinesia = inability to perform rapid alternating movements
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8
Q

What is a forced ‘intentional’ tremor? Lesion to which brain region/structure causes this?

A
  • tremor during purposeful movements (i.e. while moving)
  • lesion to cerebellum
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9
Q

Gyri are to the cerebrum as _________ are to the cerebellum.

A

folia

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10
Q

Sulci are to the cerebrum as _________ are to the cerebellum.

A

fissures

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11
Q

Which 3 arteries supply the cerebellum?

A
  • superior cerebellar artery
  • PICA
  • AICA
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12
Q

What are the 3 cerebellar peduncles? Which ones hold afferent tracts and which ones hold efferent tracts?

A
  • superior cerebellar peduncle = efferent
  • middle cerebellar peduncle = afferent
  • inferior cerebellar peduncle = afferent
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13
Q

Where does information go from and to in the inferior cerebellar peduncle? What is the name of this tract?

A
  • from: spinal cord and medulla (unconscious proprioception)
  • to: cerebellum
  • spinocerebellar tract
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14
Q

Where does information go from and to in the middle cerebellar peduncle? What is the name of this tract?

A
  • from: cortex
  • to pontine nuclei (which project to cerebellum)
  • corticopontocerebellar tract
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15
Q

Where does information go from and to in the superior cerebellar peduncle? What is the name of this tract?

A
  • from: cerebellum
  • to: midbrain and thalamus
  • dentatothalamocortical tract
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16
Q

TRUE or FALSE: dentatothalamocortical tract is ipsilateral

A

FALSE: contralateral

17
Q

What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?

A
  • anterior lobe
  • posterior lobe (incl. tonsil)
  • flocculonodular lobe
18
Q

Describe the cerebellar homunculus innervation.

A
  • midline = core/trunk stability
  • lateral = distal body parts
19
Q

Summarize the basic cerebellar game plan.

A
  • Cb receives input from all levels of NS
  • Cb projects it back to motor areas via dee Cb nuclei (GABA)

(disinhibition of thalamus)

20
Q

What are the afferent tracts of the cerebellar game plan?

A
  • corticopontocerebellar tract
  • spinocerebellar tract
  • vestibulocerebellar tract
21
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex, from outermost to innermost?

A
  • molecular layer (cytoplasm/myelin)
  • purkinje cell layer
  • granule cell layer (nuclei)
22
Q

Which type of neuron is the only output neuron of the cerebellar cortex, and sends GABAergic axons to deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

Purkinje cells

23
Q

What are the 2 afferent fibers that synapse onto Purkinje cells in the cerebellar game plan? Which tracts do they belong to? excitatory or inhibitory? How do they allow movement?

A
  • climbing fibers (+): olivocerebellar tracts; synapse directly onto molecular layer of cerebellum (PC dendrites) –> PC inhibitory projections to deep cerebellar nuclei –> disinhibition via GABA –> allow movement
  • mossy fibers (+): spinocerebellar, corticopontocerebellar, vestibulocerebellar tracts; synapse onto granule cell layer –> onto molecular layer (PC dendrites) –> PC inhibitory projections to deep cerebellar nuclei –> disinhibition via GABA –> allow movement
24
Q

What are the 3 deep cerebellar nuclei?

A
  • fastigial nucleus
  • interposed nucleus (incl. globose and emboliform nuclei)
  • dentate nucleus
25
Q

Which nucleus innervates balance and posture? Is it vermal, paravermal, or lateral?

A
  • fastigial nucleus
  • vermal
26
Q

Which nucleus innervates should, hip proximal limb mm? Is it vermal, paravermal, or lateral?

A
  • interposed nucleus (globose and emboliform)
  • paravermal
27
Q

Which nucleus innervates distal limb mm. (motor planning and evaluation of sensory info)? Is it vermal, paravermal, or lateral?

A
  • dentate nucleus
  • lateral
28
Q

Which nucleus in the cerebellar game plan is located in the flocculonodular lobe?

A

vestibular nuclei

29
Q

Which tracts are associated with the fastigial nucleus?

A
  • vestibulospinal
  • reticulospinal
30
Q

Which tracts are associated with the interposed nucleus?

A
  • CST (corticospinal)
  • CBT (corticobulbar)
  • RBS (rubrospinal)
31
Q

Which parts of the brain are associated with the dentate nucleus?

A
  • ventral anterior/lateral thalamus to motor cortex (dentatothalamocortical tract)
  • premotor suppl. motor cortex (CST/CBT)
32
Q

What is the major cerebellar efferent pathway?

A

dentatothalamocortical tract

33
Q

In summary, what does the floccundular lobe of the cerebellum control?

A

equilibrium and balance

34
Q

In summary, what does the vermal/paravermal lobe of the cerebellum control?

A

posture and muscle tone

35
Q

In summary, what does the lateral lobe/zone of the cerebellum control?

A

smooth purposeful movements

36
Q

What is the rubrospinal tract’s function?

A

excite arm flexors and inhibit arm extensors

NEURO 375 (19 decks)

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