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NEURO 375 > Blood Supply of the Brain > Flashcards

Blood Supply of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the cerebral blood supply system for posterior circulation?

A

vertebro-basilar system

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2
Q

What is the name of the cerebral blood supply system for anterior circulation?

A

internal carotid arterial system

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3
Q

Which cerebral artery is continuous with the external carotid artery?

A

middle meningeal artery

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4
Q

Which lobe(s) or structure(s) does the internal carotid arterial system supply?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal lobes

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5
Q

Which lobe(s) or structure(s) does the vertebro-basilar system supply?

A

occipital lobe, cerebellum, brainstem, upper cord

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6
Q

Where do the 2 arterial systems of the CNS anastomose?

A

circle of willis

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7
Q

What percentage of people have a functioning circle of willis?

A

30%

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8
Q

Is it advantageous to have a functioning circle of willis? Why or why not?

A

advantageous b/c when brain bleed occurs, blood can still circulate (less likely to be fatal)

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9
Q

Which arteries does the circle of willis comprise of?

A
  • middle cerebral artery
  • posterior communicating artery
  • posterior cerebral artery
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • anterior communicating artery
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10
Q

List the arteries in the vertebrobasilar system.

A
  1. vertebral artery
  2. basilar artery
  3. posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
  4. posterior spinal arteries
  5. anterior spinal artery
  6. anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
    (7. Labyrinthine artery)
  7. pontine arteries
  8. superior cerebellar artery
  9. posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
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11
Q

List the arteries of the internal carotid arterial supply.

A
  1. internal carotid artery
  2. middle cerebral artery (MCA)
  3. anterior choroidal artery
  4. anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
  5. medial striate
  6. posterior communicating artery
  7. anterior communicating artery
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12
Q

What is another name for the medial striate?

A

Recurrent artery of Heubner

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13
Q

Which artery is continuous with the internal carotid artery?

A

middle cerebral artery (MCA)

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14
Q

List the branches of the middle cerebral artery.

A
  1. central artery
  2. posterior parietal artery
  3. angular branch
  4. temporal branches
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15
Q

Which two structures deep in the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

basal ganglia and thalamus

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16
Q

Which parts of the body does the middle cerebral artery supply on the primary motor and somatosensory cortices?

A

trunk, arms, face, hands

(note: NOT legs and feet)

17
Q

Which major blood vessel supplies the lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

middle cerebral artery

18
Q

Which major cerebral blood vessel is the most common area for infarcts and anuerysms?

A

middle cerebral artery (MCA)

19
Q

What parts of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A
  • thalamus
  • basal ganglia
  • sensory and motor strip of the upper body (hands, face, trunk, arms)
20
Q

Which artery supplies the paracentral lobule?

A

callosomarginal artery

21
Q

List the branches of the anterior cerebral artery.

A

callosomarginal artery

22
Q

Which major blood vessel supplies the sensory motor strip of the lower body?

A

anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

23
Q

What is the second most common major blood vessel where infarcts and aneurysms can occur?

A

anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

24
Q

What parts of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A
  • primary visual cortex
  • large part of the temporal lobe
25
Q

What is the term for necrotic brain tissue?

A

infarct

26
Q

What disease is cerebrovascular disease often due to?

A

atherosclerotic disease

27
Q

What are the 2 types of infarct? What is the difference?

A

ischemic: due to blockage
hemorrhagic: due to rupture

28
Q

Most strokes are:

a) ischemic
b) hemorrhagic

A

a) ischemic

29
Q

How does hemorrhagic stroke cause damage?

A

brain leaks blood/ruptures –> pressure on brain cells damages them

30
Q

What are the 2 main types of hemorrhage?

A

intracerebral: in the brain
subarachnoid: in subarachnoid space

31
Q

How does a hemorrhagic stroke lead to coma?

A

pressure on brainstem

32
Q

What will spinal tap show if there is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

blood in CSF

33
Q

Where do epidural hemorrhages occur?

A

middle meningeal artery and vein

34
Q

Where do subdural hemorrhages occur?

A

bridging veins (superficial cerebral veins)

35
Q

Where do subarachnoid hemorrhages occur?

A

aneurysms usually at the base of the brain

36
Q

Where do intracerebral hemorrhages occur?

A

central (perforating) arteries

37
Q

What are the main after effects of stroke?

A
  • partial paralysis
  • aphasia
  • depression
  • cognitive decline
  • epileptic fits

NEURO 375 (19 decks)

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