Development Flashcards
The _____ complex carries a permanent record of positional information
hox
defect that generally occurs early in fetal development
cleft lip and palate
Stage of embryonic development where cell divisions that form more cells with identical functions as the parental cell.
Growth
TGFB, BMP, and Nodal are ligands to which signaling pathway
TGFB superfamily
embryonic cell populations that are formed between the developing neural tube and the epidermis. These cells migrate along very specific restricted pathways (routes) to give rise to many of the craniofacial structures
Neural crest cells
Organization center of gastrulation that moves posteriorly as development continues
Hensen’s node
(Gene): Gene products are gene regulatory proteins; all contain a highly conserved DNA binding homeodomain sequence 60 aa long
Drosophila homeotic genes
Important concepts of embryonic development
universal mechanisms of animal development, proteins can be substituted across species, inductive signaling, and regional determination
Formation of the craniofacial structures in early development require the proper migration of _________ cells and their differentiation
neural crest
Patterning occurs in what 3 dimensions?
Anterior-Posterior (top-bottom)–Dorsal-Ventral (left-right)–Proximal-Distal (front-back)
In ___________, once cells are committed to form a particular structure, it can be translated into another region and will continue to behave in the same way as it would in the original system
regional determination
Embryonic cell population that is localized between the developing neural tube and the non-neural ectoderm
neural crest
Frizzled is the receptor family and Dickkopf and Cerberus are extracellular inhibitors/modulators to which signaling pathway
WNT
T/F: In every species and at every level of organization, complex structures are made by repeating a few basic themes with variations
True
Stage of embryonic development where cells begin to form specific and specialized structures.
Differentiation
process by which the bilaminar embryonic disc becomes the three key germ cell layers needed to generate all the tissues/organs in the body
Gastrulation
_____ are interspersed amongst large stretches of regulatory DNA regions; expressed sequentially according to their order in the Hox complex
Hox genes
Infolding and migration of cells from outer layers to inner layers that leads to differentiation
gastrulation
Replacement of one body part with another
homeosis
Stage of embryonic development where cells produced by cleavage get organized into layers and groups of cell masses through what is known as gastrulation
Patterning
Specialized set of genes that contain a homeodomain motif (called a homeobox) that carry a permanent record of positional information used to specify patterning.
Hox Genes
in humans the ______ forms between the 4th and 7th week of pregnancy
lip
The corresponding segment in the 180 bp DNA sequence that articulates with drosophila
homeobox
In the formation of the craniofacial structures the _______ cells migrate through restricted pathways to form the developing structures.
the neural crest
