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Biochem Exam 3 > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ complex carries a permanent record of positional information

A

hox

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2
Q

defect that generally occurs early in fetal development

A

cleft lip and palate

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3
Q

Stage of embryonic development where cell divisions that form more cells with identical functions as the parental cell.

A

Growth

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4
Q

TGFB, BMP, and Nodal are ligands to which signaling pathway

A

TGFB superfamily

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5
Q

embryonic cell populations that are formed between the developing neural tube and the epidermis. These cells migrate along very specific restricted pathways (routes) to give rise to many of the craniofacial structures

A

Neural crest cells

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6
Q

Organization center of gastrulation that moves posteriorly as development continues

A

Hensen’s node

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7
Q

(Gene): Gene products are gene regulatory proteins; all contain a highly conserved DNA binding homeodomain sequence 60 aa long

A

Drosophila homeotic genes

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8
Q

Important concepts of embryonic development

A

universal mechanisms of animal development, proteins can be substituted across species, inductive signaling, and regional determination

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9
Q

Formation of the craniofacial structures in early development require the proper migration of _________ cells and their differentiation

A

neural crest

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10
Q

Patterning occurs in what 3 dimensions?

A

Anterior-Posterior (top-bottom)–Dorsal-Ventral (left-right)–Proximal-Distal (front-back)

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11
Q

In ___________, once cells are committed to form a particular structure, it can be translated into another region and will continue to behave in the same way as it would in the original system

A

regional determination

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12
Q

Embryonic cell population that is localized between the developing neural tube and the non-neural ectoderm

A

neural crest

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13
Q

Frizzled is the receptor family and Dickkopf and Cerberus are extracellular inhibitors/modulators to which signaling pathway

A

WNT

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14
Q

T/F: In every species and at every level of organization, complex structures are made by repeating a few basic themes with variations

A

True

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15
Q

Stage of embryonic development where cells begin to form specific and specialized structures.

A

Differentiation

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16
Q

process by which the bilaminar embryonic disc becomes the three key germ cell layers needed to generate all the tissues/organs in the body

A

Gastrulation

17
Q

_____ are interspersed amongst large stretches of regulatory DNA regions; expressed sequentially according to their order in the Hox complex

A

Hox genes

18
Q

Infolding and migration of cells from outer layers to inner layers that leads to differentiation

A

gastrulation

19
Q

Replacement of one body part with another

A

homeosis

20
Q

Stage of embryonic development where cells produced by cleavage get organized into layers and groups of cell masses through what is known as gastrulation

A

Patterning

21
Q

Specialized set of genes that contain a homeodomain motif (called a homeobox) that carry a permanent record of positional information used to specify patterning.

A

Hox Genes

22
Q

in humans the ______ forms between the 4th and 7th week of pregnancy

A

lip

23
Q

The corresponding segment in the 180 bp DNA sequence that articulates with drosophila

A

homeobox

24
Q

In the formation of the craniofacial structures the _______ cells migrate through restricted pathways to form the developing structures.

A

the neural crest

25
Q

process through which a cell or group of cells secretes factors that influence neighboring cells

A

Inductive signaling

26
Q

in _____ signaling, cells close to the signal increase concentration of ligand and get reprogrammed into new development pathway

A

inductive

27
Q

EGF, FGF, and ephrins are ligands to which signaling pathway

A

RTK

28
Q

_____ signaling is cell-cell signaling or cell signaling cascade that can act over great distances and affect multiple cells; starting point where signaling originates can be be a single cell or clusters

A

inductive

29
Q

3 layers of gastrulation

A

endo, meso, and ectoderm

30
Q

in humans the _____ forms between the 6th and 9th week of pregnancy

A

palate

31
Q

Some neural crest cell exhibit ________ in that they can give rise to multiple differentiated cell types

A

Stemness

32
Q

What are the 4 essential processes by which an Embryo is Constructed?

A

Cel proliferation, specialization (differentiation), interaction, and movement

Biochem Exam 3 (10 decks)

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