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Biochem Exam 3 > Complement System > Flashcards

Complement System Flashcards

1
Q

Complement activation is regulated by a series of _____ that serves to protect host cells from accidental damage

A

proteins

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2
Q

2 major functions of the complement system

A

alters membrane of pathogens and cellular debris; enhance inflammatory response via release of anaphylatoxins that promote cell activation or migration to an inflammatory site

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3
Q

factors which block or inhibit activation of complement. Two general types—soluble and membrane bound

A

Complement inhibitors

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4
Q

a system of plasma proteins that can be activated directly by pathogens or indirectly by pathogen-bound antibody, leading to a cascade of reactions that occurs on the surface of pathogens and generates active components with various effector functions. system plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common pathogens. … It is now appreciated that it is a functional bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses that allows an integrated host defense to pathogenic challenges

A

Complement

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5
Q

directed migration of a cell or group of cell to a chemical gradient

A

Chemotaxis

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6
Q

Drug that is an antibody against activated C5b that is used to block complement lytic actions in human disease

A

Eculizumab

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7
Q

____ is composed of 6 identical subunits with globular. heads and long collagen-like tails; the heads can bind to the constant regions of immunoglobulin molecules or directly to the pathogen surface

A

C1q

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8
Q

Mannose-binding lectin forms a complex with ______ that resembles complement complex C1; these do much of the work in MBL pathway

A

serine proteases

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9
Q

is a structure typically formed on the surface of pathogen cell membranes as a result of the activation of the host’s complement system, and as such is one of the effector proteins of the immune system. forms transmembrane channels. These channels disrupt the cell membrane of target cells, leading to cell lysis and death.

A

Membrane attack complex (MAC)

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10
Q

complement fragments C3a, C4a, and C5a, which are produced by complement activation. act as cell activators with nanomolar affinity, exerting their functions through binding to specific receptors (C3aR and C5aR or C5L2 respectively).

A

Anaphylatoxin:

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11
Q

carbohydrate binding protein. Displays specificity for single or group of sugars.

A

Lectin

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12
Q

C5 convertase cleaves C5 into ____ which generates the _________ and _______ which is a potent pro-inflammatory mediator

A

C5b; Membrane attack complex and C5a

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13
Q

immune function triggered by complement system; by chemotactically attracting macrophages and neutrophils (anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a).

A

inflammation

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14
Q

C1 is a complex of what 3 components?

A

C1q, C1r, and C1s

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15
Q

type of white blood cell. Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems and contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin (anticoagulant). Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, immune tolerance, defense against pathogens, and blood–brain barrier function

A

Mast cell

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16
Q

Membrane protein that displaces Bb from C3b and C2a from C4b

A

Decay-accelerating factor (DAF)

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17
Q

Which complement pathway is continuously activated at a low level as a result of spontaneous C3 hydrolysis due to the breakdown of the internal thioester bond; doesn’t rely on pathogen-binding antibodies like the other pathways

A

alternative pathway

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18
Q

Increased vascular permeability is carried out by

A

C3a and C5a

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19
Q

______ dissociates C3 convertases at human cell surfaces and makes them susceptible to cleavage by factor 1

A

MCP

20
Q

Which complement pathway is triggered by C1-complex?

A

classic pathway

21
Q

immune function triggered by complement system; by opsonizing antigens. C3b has most important opsonizing activity

A

Phagocytosis

22
Q

Which pathway is homologous to classical pathway but uses opsonins, mannose-binding lectin, and ficolin instead of C1q

A

mannose-Binding lectin pathway

23
Q

increase in efficiency of antibody mediated phagocytosis by binding of antibody to bacteria and then recognition of antibody-coated particle by receptor on phagocyte cell.

A

Opsonization

24
Q

a white cell in blood which is enriched in heparin and vasodilator histame

A

Basophil

25
Q

The component of the vertebrate immune system involving lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) containing a small number of genetically encoded proteins that combine to produce an enormous variety of proteins capable of recognizing and deactivating specific antigens

A

adaptive immune system

26
Q

acute allergic reaction to substance to which host is hypersensitive

A

Anaphylaxis

27
Q

target dead cells/ pathogens and clear them out of the body

A

complement system

28
Q

Smooth muscle contraction is carried out by

A

C3a and C5a

29
Q

Most common functional defect in atypical hemolytic uraemic syndrome and age-related macular degeneration is reduced cofactor activity for _____

A

C3b

30
Q

ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocyte cell.

A

Phagocytosis:

31
Q

bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane

A

Gram negative bacteria

32
Q

starts opsonization

A

C3b

33
Q

is a G protein-coupled receptor for C5a. It functions as a complement receptor. modulates inflammatory responses, obesity, development and cancers.

A

C5aR

34
Q

is a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogen’s cell membrane; part of the innate immune system

A

complement system

35
Q

component of alternative pathway that initiates assembly of the membrane-attack system

A

C5b

36
Q

Degranulation of mast cells are carried out by

A

C3a, C5a play a role in degranulation in anaphylaxis

37
Q

C4b2a is ________; it will lead to the generation of _____

A

C3 convertase; C5 convertase

38
Q

immune function triggered by complement system; by rupturing cell wall of bacteria

A

membrane attack

39
Q

Complement receptor type 1 also known as C3b/C4b receptor or CD35 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CR1 gene. Functions in opsinizatio of immune complexes and antibody tagged bacteria

A

C3b receptor (CR1)

40
Q

3 pathways of complement system

A

alternative pathway (C3), classical pathway (Abs), and lectin pathway (lectins bind to carbs)

41
Q

genetic diseases caused by absence of particular receptors which are used to recognize foreign cells and remove them from blood stream.

A

Immunodeficiency syndromes

42
Q

is involved in the complement system. It binds to iC3b (inactive derivative of C3b), C3dg, or C3d.]B cells have CR2 receptors on their surfaces, allowing the complement system to play a role in B-cell activation and maturation

A

C3d receptor ( CR2)

43
Q

coating invading organisms with proteins that the body will recognize and body will trigger phagocytosing molecules

A

opsonization

44
Q

Cleaves C4 and C2

A

C1s

45
Q

a local response to cellular injury that is marked by capillary dilatation, leukocytic infiltration, redness, heat, and pain and that serves as a mechanism initiating the elimination of noxious agents and of damaged tissue

A

Inflammation

46
Q

component of the immune system in animals that is genetically determined and is nonspecific

A

innate immune system

47
Q

Diagnostic tests for complement activity

A

total complement activity test

Biochem Exam 3 (10 decks)

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