Coagulation- A Surgical Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

3 stages of hemostasis

A

vascular, platelet, and coagulation phase

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2
Q

__________ may be recommended for those who bruise easily, have excessive bleeding,or take medications after a stroke or heart attack that can alter platelet function; to detect resistance to aspirin or clopidogrel; and before certain surgeries

A

Platelet function tests

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3
Q

_____ = (patient PT/ mean normal PT) ^ ISI

A

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

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4
Q

Common causes of prolonged PT

A

Warfarin use, Vitamin K deficiency, liver disease

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5
Q

Tests the rate of conversion of Factor VII to VIIa; measures effectiveness of the extrinsic and common pathway (normal 12-13 secs)

A

Prothrombin time

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6
Q

stage of hemostasis where Formation of a loose and temporary platelet aggregate at the site of injury. Platelets bind to collagen. After the activation, platelets change their shape and in the presence of fibrinogen, aggregate to form the hemostatic Primary platelet plug

A

platelet phase

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7
Q

about 15% of the hemophilia population, tend to have bleeding episodes after injuries. •They may also experience occasional bleeding episodes without obvious cause. These are called “spontaneous bleeding episodes

A

moderate hemophilia

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8
Q

about 60% of the hemophilia population, have bleeding following an injury and may have frequent spontaneous bleeding episodes, often into the joints and muscles

A

severe hemophilia

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9
Q

stage of hemostasis where conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin happens, fibrin binds the platelets to form a clot, and formation of a fibrin mesh that tightly binds to the platelet aggregate which gives rise to a more stable hemostatic plug (clot)

A

coagulation phase

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10
Q

Shortage of von Willebrand factor: most common form

A

Type 1 VWD

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11
Q

50,000-100,000 platelets

A

Mild Thrombocytopenia

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12
Q

flawed von Willebrand factor (usually mild): less common

A

Type 2 VWD

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13
Q

International sensitivity index determined for each batch of thromboplastin reagents by manufactures

A

ISI

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14
Q

_______ and _______ constitute over 90 % of all congenital bleeding disorders

A

Hemophilias A and B, Von Willebrand’s Disease

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15
Q

Teeth can be extracted with patients with Hemophilia A and B under the cover of _______ or _______ that inhibit fibrinolysis

A

epsilon (aminocaproic acid) or tranexamic acid

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16
Q

100,000-140,000 platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

17
Q

Clotting Factor VIII deficiency.

A

Hemophilia A

18
Q

_______ measures the levels or functional activity of one or more coagulation factors

A

Clotting Factor Assays

19
Q

T/F: Bleeding disorders maybe either congenital or acquired

A

True

20
Q

T/F: Congenital bleeding disorders are more common than acquired bleeding disorders

A

False

21
Q

_____ elevates bleeding time

A

Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count)

22
Q

<50,000 platelets

A

Severe Thrombocytopenia

23
Q

common test performed to evaluate hemostasis

A

Platelet count (CBC), bleeding time, PT, APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time), INR (international normalized ratio)

24
Q

(6% to 49% factor level) usually have problems with bleeding only after serious injury, trauma, or surgery.

A

mild hemophilia

25
Q

Clotting Factor IX deficiency

A

Hemophilia B (Christmas disease)

26
Q

Vessel Wall Integrity, Adequate Numbers of Platelets, Proper Functioning Platelets, Adequate Levels of Clotting Factors, Proper Function of Fibrinolytic Pathway are all factors affecting ______

A

normal hemostasis mechanism

27
Q

How long a precise nick takes to stop bleeding; Provides assessment of platelet function; Normal –2 to 9 minutes; Platelet dysfunction –9 to 15 minutes

A

Bleeding time

28
Q

Congenital deficiencies of intrinsic system, Von Willebrand disease, liver cirrhosis, Vitamin K deficiency, heparin therapy, and coumadin therapy are common causes of prolonged ______

A

aPTT

29
Q

stage of hemostasis characterized by vasoconstriction of damaged vessel that diminishes blood flow

A

vascular phase

30
Q

<20,000 platelets

A

Spontaneous bleeding

31
Q

complete lack of von Willebrand factor (more severe): rare

A

Type 3 VWD

32
Q

monitors patient’s response to heparin therapy; measures effectiveness of the intrinsic and common pathway (Normal Value: 30-40 secs)

A

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)

33
Q

process where partial or complete dissolution of the hemostatic plug by plasma occurs

A

clot dissolution