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(PA school) CAM I > Dermatology I highlights > Flashcards

Dermatology I highlights Flashcards

1
Q

List the 8 characteristics of skin lesions you need to memorize (hint: there’s a mnemonic)

A

CLAMPS TN
1) Color
2) Location/distribution (extent, pattern)
3) Arrangement (grouped vs disseminated & confluence (yes or no)
4) Margination (well- or ill-defined)
5) Palpation (consistency, temperature, mobility, tenderness, depth)
6) Shape
7) Type (ie, papule, macule, pustule)
8) Number: single vs multiple (# of lesions)

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2
Q

1) What is a macule patch?
2) What is a plaque patch?

A

1) A macule > 1cm diameter = patch
2) Flat or barely elevated plaque = patch

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3
Q

True or false: wheals are always elevated

A

True

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4
Q

Define urticaria

A

Multiple wheals/rash = urticaria “hives, whelps”

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5
Q

True or false: you cannot cut off keloids, you can only inject them with steroids (which have the risk of atrophy)

A

True

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6
Q

List 6 papulo-squamous diseases (papules and plaques)

A

1) Dermatitis
2) Eczema
3) Drug eruptions
4) Lichen planus
5) Pityriasis rosea
6) Psoriasis

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7
Q

Differentiate between acute and chronic eczema/ dermatitis

A

1) Acute: pruritis, erythema, vesiculation
2) Chronic: pruritis, xerosis, lichenification

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8
Q

1) Does dyshidrotic eczema come back?
2) Describe its vesicles

A

1) Yes; recurrent
2) Deep-seated pruritic, clear “tapioca-like”

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9
Q

What is a major aspect of lichen simplex chronicus treatment?

A

D/c scratching

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10
Q

What are the 2 kinds of contact dermatitis?

A

Irritant and allergic

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11
Q

What is a key element of contact dermatitis?

A

Well-demarcated [erythema and edema]

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12
Q

1) Where is stasis dermatitis usually found?
2) What is a key aspect of Tx?

A

1) Lower legs and ankles
2) Compression stockings

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13
Q

True or false: stasis dermatitis is cellulitis

A

FALSE

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14
Q

Atopic dermatitis:
1) Does it relapse?
2) What is a primary characteristic?
3) Who is it frequent in?

A

1) Yes
2) Itch-scratch cycle
3) Frequent /w personal or FHx AD, allergic rhinitis, & asthma

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15
Q

What can be called “The itch that rashes”?

A

Atopic dermatitis

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16
Q

When should you give PO steroids to pts with atopic dermatitis?

A

PO steroids only for severe intractable cases

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17
Q

1) When is seborrheic dermatitis worse?
2) Name 2 groups it’s common in

A

1) Worse in fall/winter (dry environment and stress)
2) HIV, Parkinson’s

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18
Q

1) What is a primary characteristic of cradle cap (seborrheic dermatitis on head)
2) Describe how seborrheic dermatitis looks like on rest of the body
3) Tx?

A

1) yellow greasy
2) Red, greasy, yellowish scales, sebacous glands
3) Mild topical steroids

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19
Q

Who is perioral dermatitis most common in?

A

Females 20-45

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20
Q

What condition spares vermillion border?

A

Perioral Dermatitis

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21
Q

‘Dusky red to violaceous’ describes what lesions?

A

Fixed drug eruptions

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22
Q

Name 2 drugs that can cause fixed drug eruptions

A

NSAIDs and oral contraceptives

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23
Q

What are the 4 Ps of lichen planus?

A

Papule, purple, polygonal, pruritic (and flat topped)

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24
Q

Is lichen planus usually on flexors or extensors?

A

Flexors

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25
Q

Pityriasis rosea:
1) What is its first Sx?
2) What happens next?

A

1) Primary (“herald”) patch
2) “Christmas tree” pattern (lines of cleavage) on back

26
Q

Describe a herald patch

A

Salmon-red plaque with fine collarette peripheral scale

27
Q

What can be described as silver “scales” on a plaque? (Hint: when scraped, they reveal pinpoint bleeding)

A

Psoriasis

28
Q

Pityriasis rosea:
1) When does it resolve?
2) What is its probable etiology?

A

1) Spontaneously in 6-12 weeks
2) Reactivation HSV-7 & HSV-6

29
Q

What can occur after a strep (guttate) infection?

A

Psoriasis

30
Q

If a lesion is described as drop-like what may it be?

A

Guttate psoriasis

31
Q

What is an important Tx for plaque psoriasis?

A

Topical steroids

32
Q

What condition is characterized by target-shaped lesions and herpes simplex virus?

A

Erythema multiforme

33
Q

1) What is the most common cause of erythema multiforme?
2) List a common PE Finding

A

1) Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
2) Target lesions on oral& genitals and/ or palms& soles

34
Q

What is the easiest way to differentiate between erythema multiforme major and minor?

A

Major always has mucosal involvement, minor does not

35
Q

True or false: erythema multiforme can be found on palms and soles

A

True

36
Q

When should PO steroids be used for erythema multiforme?

A

For disabling oral lesions

37
Q

1) Are SJS and TEN acute or chronic? Explain
2) What is their primary characteristic?

A

1) Acute, life-threatening mucocutaneous reaction
2) Necrosis and detachment of epidermis

38
Q

1) What is affected 90% of the time in SJS and TEN?
2) Where are these rarely present?

A

1) Mucous membranes affected
2) Palms/soles

39
Q

What is a condition that can be drug-induced by anti-seizure meds?

A

SJS/ TEN

40
Q

What condition is characterized by painful skin sloughing off, conjunctival burning, and painful mouth lesions?

A

SJS/ TEN

41
Q

True or false: SJS/ TEN typically have symmetric lesions

A

True

42
Q

1) What is the main Tx for SJS/ TEN?
2) What is a controversial Tx?

A

1) Admit to ICU or burn center, d/c offending agent/drug
2) Systemic glucocorticoids (contraindicated late in disease course)

43
Q

1) What does Bullous pemphigoid (vesiculobullous disease) often start with?
2) Who does it often occur in?
3) How would you describe the bullae?

A

1) Urticarial eruption.
2) Elderly patients (60-80yrs)
3) Tense

44
Q

1) What kind of condition is pemphigus (vesiculobullous disease)?
2) Who does it often occur in?
3) What is a key characteristic of the vesicles/ bullae?

A

1) Autoimmune disease
2) Adults 40-60
3) Easily rupture

45
Q

Which has vesicles/ bullae that are tense, pemphigus or bullous pemphigoid?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

46
Q

What must be present to Dx acne vulgaris?

A

Comedones

47
Q

1) What causes acne?
2) Name a medication that can contribute to acne

A

1) Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)
2) Steroids

48
Q

What are the 2 types of comedones? Describe each

A

1) Open= blackheads
2) Closed – white heads

49
Q

List 2 treatments for mild acne vulgaris

A

1) Topical antibiotics
2) Benzoyl peroxide

50
Q

1) What acne vulgaris Tx cannot be used during pregnancy?
2) What works best?

A

1) Topical retinoids
2) Combination therapy

51
Q

PO Isotretinoin is used for acne vulgaris when? What is the brand name?

A

When it’s severe; Accutane

52
Q

What is extremely teratogenic?

A

PO Isotretinoin

53
Q

What can PO Isotretinoin not be used with? Why?

A

Tetracycline; can cause pseudotumor cerebri

54
Q

PO Isotretinoin can cause what levels to be elevated?

A

1) Elevated triglycerides
2) Mild to moderate elevations of transaminases

55
Q

What is characterized by “flushing & blushing” and telangiectasias?

A

Rosacea

56
Q

List what can cause rosacea flare ups

A

Hot liquids, spicy foods, alcohol/wine, aged cheese, exposure to sun & heat, stress

57
Q

Rhinophyma is found in the late stage of what?

A

Rosacea

58
Q

Where is folliculitis found?

A

Hair bearing skin

59
Q

1) What is the most common etiology of folliculitis?
2) What else can cause it?

A

1) Staph aureus
2) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (hot tub)

60
Q

What medication can bleach stuff?

A

Benzoyl peroxide

61
Q

List 4 characteristics of the lesions associated with Hidradenitis suppurativa

A

1) Double comedones
2) Abscesses
3) Sinus tracts
4) “Bridge” scars

62
Q

True or false: Erythema multiforme always occurs on the palms and soles

A

False

(PA school) CAM I (29 decks)

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