Asthma highlights Flashcards

1
Q

1) List 4 common causes of chronic cough in adults
2) Name 1 less common cause of chronic cough
3) Name the 4 least common causes

A

1) Asthma, COPD, Smoking, Post infectious (CAP, bronchitis, etc)
2) OSA
3) Cancer
IPF, sarcoidosis
Lung abscess
PTX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the triad of asthma risk factors?

A

1) Infant atopic dermatitis,
2) Childhood AR
3) Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1) Are asthma Sx episodic or chronic? Explain
2) Is the airway obstruction reversible?

A

1) Episodic Sx, but chronic airway inflammation
2) Yes; Reversible Airflow obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

For asthma:
1) Onset
2) Duration
3) Characterization

A

1) Typically during childhood (male), adult onset less common (female)
2) Chronic with episodic flare ups
3) Reversible airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Asthma is heterogenous; what is the most common phenotype?

A

Allergic asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Breast feeding is associated with ___________ risk of asthma

A

reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Samter Triad?

A

1) ASA/NSAID sensitivity
2) Nasal polyp
3) Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the onset, duration & timing, and character of asthma presentation (OLDCARTS pt 1)

A

1) Onset: typically as child/teen but manifest in adults
2) Duration, Timing: chronic but episodic, variable severity (mild intermittent to persistent symptoms), daytime and or nighttime symptoms
Location: respiratory
3) Character: reversible episodic symptoms - tightness in chest, wheezing, dyspnea, coughing (usually dry cough)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the aggravating factors, alleviating factors, radiation and assoc. Sx of asthma presentation (OLDCARTS pt 2)

A

1) Triggers (smoke, smells, allergens, stress, aspirin, exercise), to include RTI
2) Relaxation, avoidance of triggers
3) Typically isolated to respiratory system
4) Atopic dermatitis/eczema, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, snoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or false: Asthma VS & Chest exam may be normal between episodes

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Severe asthma exacerbation
1) What is a concerning finding for impending respiratory failure?
2) What are other signs of severe asthma exacerbations? What may cause these signs?

A

1) Globally reduced breath sounds and prolonged expiration
2) Patient in acute distress, cyanotic, hypoxic, and mental status changes (confusion)
-Pulse oximetry indicating hypoxia < 90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1) What should be performed in all pts at time of Dx?
2) What is this key for?
3) What should you do if pt is <5 y/o and can’t do this test?

A

1) Should be performed in all patients at time of diagnosis
2) To confirm diagnosis
3) A therapeutic trial of Rx is recommended as they can not perform spirometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1) Define FEV1% predicted
2) Define FEV1/FVC

A

1) FEV1 as % of predicted FEV1 using demographic data (age, Ht., gender, & race)
2) Measure of obstruction as a %

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the spirometry diagnostic criteria for asthma in adults?

A

1) Reversibility indicated by FEV1 % predicted increased >/= 12% post SABA
AND
2) FEV1 Increase of 200 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the spirometry diagnostic criteria for asthma in kids <12 y/o?

A

FEV1 % predicted increased >/= 12% post SABA (Reversibility)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Spirometry reports:
1) What are used for predicted values?
2) Differentiate between base and base +
3) Differentiate between post and post +

A

1) Demographics used for predicted values
2) Base = pre-SABA
Base + = best values from 3 trials
3) Post = post SABA
Post + = best values from 3 trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

National asthma education & prevention program (NAEPP) recommends classifying asthma ___________ based on reported asthma symptoms at diagnosis to determine ___________ __________.

A

severity; initial therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

NAEPP recommends recommends assessing degree of asthma __________ using validated clinical tools

A

control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Based on severity and control of asthma symptoms, use a _____________ approach for therapy

A

step wise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

For NAEPP step 2 (mild persistent asthma), what should you Rx?

A

PRN ICS + SABA

21
Q

For NAEPP step 3+ in pts >4 y/o, what should be considered as a daily and rescue Rx?

A

SMART therapy

22
Q

SABA increases FEV1 in _________ minutes

23
Q

Short acting antimuscarinic antagonist(SAMA):

A

Slower onset of action than SABA when used as monotherapy , ~ 15 minutes,

24
Q

The most effective maintenance Rx is what? Why?

A

ICS (inhaled corticosteroids); addresses inflammatory component of asthma

25
Q

What are the 2 ways to use ICSs?

A

PRN or scheduled use + SABA OR part of SMART Rx

26
Q

1) When can you use oral corticosteroids?
2) Give examples of oral corticosteroids
3) How long should you use these?

A

1) Typically reserved for acute exacerbations that do not respond to increase in step therapy
2) Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone
3) Limited to 3-7 days

27
Q

______________ is not typically recommended as monotherapy for asthma (has FDA warning of increased hospitalization, Intubation, & death)

28
Q

What is not typically recommended as monotherapy or 1st line add on to ICS for asthma?

A

Long-acting muscarinic antagonist(LAMA)

29
Q

1) Name a Leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA)
2) Do they work as monotherapy?

A

1) Singular (montelukast)
2) Yes, but ~half as effective as ICS

30
Q

How is formoterol classified?

A

LABA; has duration of LABA, but the onset of action of a SABA

31
Q

Montelukast has FDA warning regarding what?

A

Behavior, mood, & suicide

32
Q

What does SMART stand for?

A

Single medication for Maintenance And Rescue Therapy

33
Q

True or false: at follow-up asthma visits you should asses with both the ACT (asthma control test) and GINA

34
Q

Singular (montelukast) MOA?

A

Block action of leukotriene at receptor (LTRA)

35
Q

What is the best option when ICS monotherapy isn’t enough?

A

Add LABA (formoterol) to ICS (via SMART therapy >4 y/o)

36
Q

For allergic asthma, _________________ immunotherapy may be considered for adjunct therapy in patients 5 + y/o with mild to moderate persistent asthma with proven allergies

A

subcutaneous

37
Q

What type of immunotherapy is not recommended or FDA approved for asthma?

A

Sublingual immunotherapy

38
Q

What should you check in severe asthma? Why?

A

1) Serum eosinophiles & IgE levels
2) IgE mediated allergic asthma responsible for ~ 50% of difficult to control asthma

39
Q

What do all monoclonal antibodies have in common as far as naming conventions go?

A

all end in -mab

40
Q

List the 4 types of pneumococcal vaccine and what type each is

A

Pnemococcal conjugate vaccines:
1) PCV-15 = Vaxneuvance
2) PCV-20 = Prevnar-20
3) CV-21 = Capvaxive
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine:
4) PPSV-23 (Pneumovax 23)

41
Q

What vaccines should asthma patients get? (4)
What else should they do?

not highlighted, just emphasized in class

A

1) Influenza: annual
2) COVID-19: annual?
3) RSV for 60+: q 2 years?
4) Pneumococcal: early in high risk
-Quit smoking

42
Q

1) For adults 50+, the new recommendation includes the option of a PCV 15 followed in _________ by PPSV 23.
2) For high risk patients after childhood vaccination, when can they

A

1) 1 year
2) PCV 15 followed in 8 weeks by PPSV 23

43
Q

Differentiate b/t Tdap and DTaP:
1) What is Tdap? How is it different from DTaP?
2) What is the purpose of DTaP?
3) What is the purpose of Td?

A

1) Tdap is a booster for already vaccinated with DTaP
Has lower dose.
2) DTaP is to provide primary vaccination/immunity against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
3) Td is a booster just for tetanus and diphtheria

44
Q

What are the 5 As of smoking cessation?

“need to know”

A

Ask: every patient every visit if they smoke
Advise: every smoker to quit
Assess: willingness to cut back or quit
Assist: with FDA approved Rx
-Nicotine replacement: gum, lozenges, patches
-Wellbutrin SR (Zyban)
-Varenicline (Chantix)
Arrange follow up: in person, tele-med, phone, text, email, etc.

45
Q

True or false: Inadequate control of asthma poses a greater risk to the fetus than asthma medications

46
Q

Asthma in pregnancy:
1) Preferred rescue?
2) Preferred controller?

A

1) Albuterol is the preferred rescue
2) ICS are preferred controller (budesonide preferred)

47
Q

True or false: There are different severities of asthma exacerbations

48
Q

What two things must a pt have regarding asthma exacerbation plans?

A

1) Patient should have and follow written asthma action plan
AND
2) Must have the medication on hand

49
Q

Home based asthma management is based on what?

A

Written asthma action plan