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Summary of Stuff > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Is acantholysis seen in Bullous Pemphigoid?

A

NO, pemphigus vulgaris

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2
Q

HLA DQ2, coeliac, IgA dermal papillae

A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

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3
Q

Types of collagen in the dermis?

A

Type I and III

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4
Q

Koebner phenonomen

A

New lesions arrive at a site (psoriasis)

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5
Q

How does Actinic Lentigines arise?

A

Epidermis elongated rete ridges

Increase melanin and basal melanocytes

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6
Q

Architectural atypia AND cellular atypia

A

Dysplastic naevia

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7
Q

Naevi,

A

Spitz naevi

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8
Q

Leser-Trelat sign

A

In Seborrhoeic Keratosis, eruptive appearance of many lesions may indicate internal malignancy

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9
Q

Horn cysts

A

Seborrhoeic Keratosis

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10
Q

What do skin cancer precursors show?

A

Squamous dysplasia

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11
Q

What are the viral precursors of melanoma?

A
  • Viral genital lesions often dysplastic
  • Erythroplasia of Queryat-penile Bowen’s
  • Associated with Human papillomavirus
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12
Q

What is Mycosis fungoides?

A

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma

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13
Q

Sites of psoriasis

A

Scalp, sacrum, hands, feet, trunk

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14
Q

Demodex mite association

A

Rosacea

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15
Q

Rosacea treatment

A

Topical metronidazole

Oral tetracycline long term

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16
Q

What is Spongiosis?

A

Oedema between the keratinocytes

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17
Q

Chronic changes in Eczema

A

Lichenification
Excoriation
Secondary infection

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18
Q

Eczema herpeticum

A
  • Punched out monomorphic lesions

- Eczema simplex

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19
Q

What is stasis eczema secondary to?

A

hydrostatic pressure
oedema
red cell extravasation

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20
Q

Pompholyx eczema

A

Spongiotic vesicles

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21
Q

Indicators of a severe drug reaction

A 
Involvement of mucous membrane and face. • Facial oedema & erythema.
• Widespread confluent erythema.
• Fever (>38.50C).
• Blisters, purpura, necrosis.
• Lymphoadenopathy, arthalgia.
• Shortness of breath, wheezing.
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22
Q

Drugs which can cause Acne?

A
  • Glucocorticoids (steroid acne)

- Androgens (therapeutic), lithium, isoniazid, phenytoin

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23
Q

Drugs which can induce Bullous Pemphigoid

A

ACE inhibitors, penicillin, furosemide

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24
Q

Types of Drug reactions

A
  • Exanthematous (most common, type IV, mucous membranes spared)
  • Fixed
  • Pustular/bullous
25
Q

Drugs associated with Exanthematous drug reactions?

A
  • Penicillins
  • Erythromycin
  • NSAIDs
  • Chloramphenicol
26
Q

Drug reaction which is well demarcated, red, painful and resolves with persistent pigmentation when the drug is stopped. Can present as eczematous lesions, papules, vesicles or urticaria

A

Fixed drug reaction

27
Q

Most common type of drug reactions, type IV, mild and self limiting, mucous membranes spared, itch, presents 4-21 days after taking drug

A

Exanthematous drug reaction

28
Q

Drugs associated with fixed drug reactions?

A
  • Tetracycline, doxycycline
  • Paracetomol
  • NSAIDS
  • Carbamazepine
29
Q

Cutaneous phytotoxicity: drug which causes exposed telangiectasia?

A

Ca channel antagonists

30
Q

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda enzyme defect and metabolite

A

-Uroporphyrinogenecarboxylase leading to accumulation of Urophorynogen III

31
Q

Hyperpigmentation
Hypertrichosis
Solar urticaria
Morphoea

A

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

32
Q

Erythropoietic protoporphyria defect and metabolite

A

Defect in ferrochelase leading to accumulation of Protophyrin IX

33
Q

How does Erythropoietic protoporphyria present?

A

Cold soaked towel on hands

34
Q

Management of Erythropoietic protoporphyria?

A

6 monthly LFTs and RBC porphyrins

35
Q

Acute Intermittent Porphyria defect

A

PBG deaminase leading to accumulation of Porphyroinoggen

36
Q

Lipodermatosclerosis
Hyperpigmentation
Malleolus

A

Venous Ulcer

37
Q

What is a Keratoacanthoma?

A
  • A skin lesion in sun damaged skin which grows “like a volcano” and may shrink and resolve by itself
  • May be a precursor of non-melanoma skin cancer
  • “central crater”
38
Q

What are the sun exposure patterns in:

a) SCC
b) BCC
c) Melanoma

A

a) Chronic cumulative UV exposure
b) Intermittent , intense sunburn episodes
c) Intermittent , intense sunburn episodes

39
Q

What is the increased risk of developing melanoma in a child who has been sun-burned?

A

Risk increases 4 fold

40
Q

Genetic risk factors for skin cancer?

A
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosum
  • Oculocutaneous albinism
  • Naevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin’s) syndrome
  • Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB)
41
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A
  • Skin
  • Connective tissue
  • Aponeurosis
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Periosteum
42
Q

What is the role of keratinocytes in the immune response?

A
  • Sense pathogens via cell surface receptors
  • Produce AMP to directly kill the pathogen
  • Produce cytokines and chemokine
43
Q

AMP level in patients with psoriasis

A

High

44
Q

What is the role of langerhans in the immune response?

A
  • Antigen presenting cells characterised by Birbeck granules

- Process lipid antigen and present them to the T cells

45
Q

Where are CD8 cells found?

A

Epidermis

46
Q

Where are CD4 and CD8 found?

A

Dermis

47
Q

TH1

A

Psoriasis

48
Q

TH2

A

Atopic dermatitis

49
Q

TH17

A

Psoriasis and Atopic dermatitis

50
Q

What are the two types of dendritic cells in the dermis?

A
  • Dermis DC (Ag presenting)

- Plasacytoid DC (Diseased skin)

51
Q

TH1 and TH17

A

Psoriasis

52
Q

Mutations in fillagrin gene associated with severe/early onset disease.
↓AMP in skin

A

Atopic Eczema

53
Q

What is a Arthus reaction?

A

Skin testing in type III hypersensitivity leads to an Arthus reaction, which is slower than a type I skin response, but faster than a type IV skin response

54
Q

Tuberose Sclerosis has Genetic Heterogeneity, what is this?

A

The mutation may be in either TSC1 or TSC2

55
Q

What is Pruritoceptive itch?

A
  • Something in the skin that triggers itch

- Insect bite

56
Q

What is Neuropathic itch?

A

Damage of any sort to central or peripheral nerves causing itch

57
Q

What is Neurogenic itch?

A
  • No evident damage in CNS, but itch caused by, e.g. opiate effects on CNS receptors
  • Primary Biliary cirrhosis
58
Q

What is Psychogenic itch?

A

Psychogenic: psychological causes with no (currently detectable) CNS damage e.g. itch in delusions of infestation

Summary of Stuff (14 decks)

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