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PHRM1012 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Dry Skin Symptoms

A 
Dull in appearance
Rough
Scaly
Prone to cracking
Itching
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2
Q

Dry Skin Causes

A
  • Exposure to sun and wind
  • Aircon
  • Soaps and strong detergents
  • Aging
  • Genetics
  • Certain drugs
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3
Q

Dry Skin Tx

A

Emollients

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4
Q

Dry Skin Counselling

A
  • Avoid Cause
  • Avoid wool and synthetics
  • Avoid soap
  • Moisturise
  • Moisturising sunscreen
  • Moisturising lip balm with SPF
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5
Q

Eczema Symptoms

A
  • Dry, scaly, red rash or lesions
  • intense itch
  • inside elbows, behind knees, cheeks, forehead, outer limbs
  • Flareups and remission
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6
Q

Eczema Tx

A
  • Aim to reduce itch and damage from scratching
  • Apply emollients after bathing and when needed
  • Topical Corticosteroids
  • Oral Antihistamines
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7
Q

Eczema Conselling

A
  • Avoid overheating
  • Loose light clothing
  • Avoid wool and synthetics
  • Avoid soap
  • pat dry, dont rub
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8
Q

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

A
  • Inflammation
  • Itching
  • Burning
  • Stinging
  • Redness
  • Blistering and oozing
  • Dry and Scaly
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9
Q

Allergic Contact Dematitis

A 
Rashes in unusual patterns
Allergens:
- Latex
- Nickel
- Resins
- Plants
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10
Q

Dermatitis Tx

A
  • Avoid irritant
  • Avoid soap
  • Moisturise
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Oral antihistamines
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11
Q

Topical Corticosteroid Use

A 
Indications:
- Inflammatory skin conditions
- Insect bites
- Sunburn
Contraindications:
- Acne
- Infection
- Ulcerative conditions
- Impaired circulation
Dose: one fingertip = two hands
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12
Q

Fungal Skin Infections

A
  • Tinea/Thrush
  • Grow in moist warm conditions
  • Contagious
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13
Q

Fungal Skin Infection Symptoms

A
  • Sharp margin between infected and non-infected
  • Itchy, irritated, burning sensation
  • Dry & scaly
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14
Q

Fungal Skin Infection Tx

A 
Azoles
- Inhibit growth of fungi
- Eg. Canesten, Daktarin
- Combination with hydrocortisone can be used for 7 days to relieve itch and inflamation
Allylamines
- Kill fungi
- eg. Lamisil, Loceryl
- Most effective
Nystatin
- Candida only
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15
Q

Fungal Skin Infection Counseling

A
  • Keep area clean and dry
  • Don’t share towels
  • Wear breathable clothes
  • Avoid soap
  • Avoid scratching
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16
Q

Acne

A

Cause: Increase in sebum production due to increase in androgen production

  • Genetic
  • Bacteria
  • Hormonal
  • Stress
  • Some drugs
  • Not poor hygeine or diet*
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17
Q

Acne Tx

A 
Benzoyl peroxide
- eg. Benzac and Panoxyl
Azelaic acid
- eg. Ego's Azcler Action
Keratolytic
- eg. salicylic acid & sulfur  preperations, Clean & Clear
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18
Q

Benzoyl Peroxide

A
  • First line (mild-moderate)
  • Antibacterial & keratolytic
  • 2.5% initiallu then increase strength as needed
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19
Q

Acne Counselling

A
  • Treatment takes time
  • Worsened by cosmetics and sweat
  • Avoid abrasive scrubs
  • Keep hair clean and off face
  • Oil-free products
  • Don’t pick or squeeze pimples
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20
Q

Mouth Ulcer Symptoms

A

Localised, shallow, clearly defined round oval lesions on the mucosal surface of movable parts of the mouth
- Painful and can make eating difficult

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21
Q

Mouth Ulcer Causes

A 
Non-Medical:
- Trauma
- Hormonal
- Emotional
- Chemical irratation
- Smoking cessation
Medical:
Im too lazy to write them out
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22
Q

Mouth Ulcer Tx

A
  • Topical pain relievers
  • Orabase protective paste
  • Orabase + triamcinolone (steroid)
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23
Q

Mouth Ulcer Counselling

A
  • Minimise irritation
  • Maxamise health
  • Moniter duration, frequency, size, location
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24
Q

Cold Sore Prodromal Symptoms

A

Burning, itching, pain or tingling symptoms prior to vesicle eruption

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25
Q

Cold Sore Symptoms

A
  • Blisters and vesicals associated with redness
  • Itchy and painful
  • Appear around mouth or nose
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26
Q

Cold Sore Cause

A

Herpes Simplex virus

  • Once contracted, with a person for life
  • Stimulus triggers reactivation
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27
Q

Cold Sore Triggers

A
  • Stress
  • Ill-health
  • Sunlight
  • Other viral infections
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28
Q

Cold Sore Tx

A

Prodomal:
- Antiviral medicines
- Ice
After Appearance:
- Menthol, camphor or ammonia relieve pain and itch
- Povidine-iodine relieves pain and itch with antiviral and antibacterial action
- Compeed patch, protects, heals and prevents spread

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29
Q

Cold Sore Counselling

A
  • Good hygeine
  • Avoid sharing anything
  • Avoid close contact with others
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30
Q

Sun Exposure Protective Response

A
  • Melanocytes increase production of melanin
  • Melanin absorbs both UVA and UVB and protects skin from damage
  • BUT melanin synthesis is slow and skin damage may have already occured; sunburn
31
Q

Sunburn

A

Inflammatory response to excessive exposure to UV light

32
Q

Skin Cancer

A

SCC & BCC: Chronic, long-term exposure to sunlight

MM: Acute, intense & intermittent blistering sunburns

33
Q

Precancerous lesions

A

Solar keratosis

34
Q

Vitamin D

A

Forms in the skin when exposed to sunlight

35
Q

Sunscreen

A

Absorb UV energy and protect against UVA and UVB

- must meet TGA standards

36
Q

SPF

A

Sun protectant Factor
SPF15+: blocks 93% of rays
SPF30+: blocks 96.6% of rays

37
Q

Sunscreen Water Resistance

A
  • Don’t come of when you perspire
  • Often thick and greasy
  • Not as effective in rough surf
38
Q

Sunscreen Application

A
  • 20 min before exposure
  • Reapply every 2 hrs and after swimming
  • You can even get burnt in the snow
39
Q

Sunburn Tx

A 
Aloe vera:
- Very soothing
- Doesn't sting
- Keep in fridge and apply cold
Local anaesthetics:
- lignocaine (numbs skin)
40
Q

Sun Protection Counselling

A
  • Wear protective clothing, hat and sunglasses
  • Use broad spectrum water-resistant SPF30+ sunscreen
  • Stay in the shade
  • Stay hydrated
41
Q

Hyperproliferative Disorders

A 
Increased cell turnover rate.
Includes:
- Psoriasis
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis (infantile cradal cap included)
- Dandruff
42
Q

Psoriasis Cause

A
  • Exact is unknown
  • Hereditary & environmental factors
  • Lesions often appear over the site of previous skin trauma
43
Q

Psoriasis Symptoms

A
  • Chronic inflammatory relapses
  • Lesions that present in a number of forms
  • Plaque psoriasis is most common
44
Q

Plaque Psoriasis symptoms

A
  • Salmon-pink lesions with silvery white scales
  • Well defined boundaries
  • Size and frequency of lesions may vary
45
Q

Plaque Psoriasis Tx

A
  • Refer to pharmacist
  • Need to be under the care of dermatologist
  • Emollients, Keratolytics, Coal tar and Dithranol may be used as maintanance Tx
46
Q

Seborrhoeic Dermatitis Symptoms

A
  • Chronic, persistant inflammatory hyperproliferative skin disorder
  • Affects areas of head and trunk
  • Red rash
  • Powdery or greasy scale in skin fold and along hair margins (includes eyebrows)
47
Q

Seborrhoeic Dermatitis Cause

A
  • Yeasts
  • Environmental and general health factors
  • Hormonal factors implicated
48
Q

Seborrhoeic Dermatitis Tx

A
  • Frequent cleansing with soap
  • Sun exposure
  • Anti-dandruff shampoo
  • Topical antifungals
    Severe cases: Keratolytics
49
Q

Dandruff Symptoms

A

Chronic, relapsing, non-inflammatory hyperproliferative skin condition
- Flaking skin on scalp only (otherwise Seborrhoeic Dermatitis)

50
Q

Dandruff Tx

A
  • Shampoo containing zinc pyrithione or ketoconazole

- Wash hair daily to every second day

51
Q

Wart Symptoms

A
  • Benign growths of skin
  • Usually back of hands, fingers and knees
  • Single or in clumps
52
Q

Veruccas (Plantaer warts)

A
  • Warts on the sole of the feet
  • Pressure causes wart to grow inwards
  • Presses on nerves
  • Painful
  • Refer to GP
53
Q

Wart Causes

A
  • Caused by human papilloma virus (HPV)

- Transmission by direct skin to skin contact or public places

54
Q

Wart Tx

A
  • Protect skin around wart with vaseline or coloured nail polish
  • apply salicylic acid to affected area
  • Cover with non-breathable tape
  • Reapply daily
  • Don’t get dressing wet
  • Refer diabetics to GP
55
Q

Wart Counselling

A

DO NOT PICK AT WART

- Will cause the virus to spread to other areas of the body and to other people

56
Q

Corn Cause

A
  • Friction and pressure against bony prominences of the feet

- Innapropriate foot wear

57
Q

Hard Corn Symptoms

A
  • Located on top of toes
  • Central core of hard grey skin,
  • Surrounded by a painful raised yellow ring of inflammatory skin
58
Q

Soft Corn Symptoms

A
  • Form between toes
  • Whitened appearance
  • Remain soft due to moisture between toes
59
Q

Corn Tx

A
  • Remove factors causing pressure and friction
  • Corn pads
  • Corn removal pads with salicylic acid
60
Q

Bite Symptoms

A
  • Itching papules
  • Weals, bulla and pain
  • Localised lesions
  • Exposed areas
61
Q

Sting Symptoms

A
  • Intense, burning pain

- Erythma and oedema follow

62
Q

Bite and Sting Tx

A
  • Insect repellent as preventative
  • EpiPen for cases of anaphylaxis
  • Local anaethetic sprays
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Oral antihistamines
63
Q

Scabies Cause

A
  • Sarcoptes scabiei mite
  • Highly contagious
  • Transmitted by direct physical contact
64
Q

Scabies Symptoms

A
  • Intense itching
  • Red rash/spots
  • Usually worse in creasing of skin
  • Confirmed by burrows
65
Q

Scabies Pharm Tx

A 
Mite Elimination:
- Permethrin (Lyclear) cream
- Malathion 0.5% Aqueous Liquid
- Benzyl Benzoate
Itch Relief:
- Crotamiton
- Oral Antihistamine
- Hydrocortisone cream
66
Q

Scabies Counselling

A
  • May need to retreat
  • Itch lasts after mite is gone
  • Wash clothes and linene in very hot water
  • Treatment products should not be used after hot shower
67
Q

Head Lice Symptoms

A
  • Itchy scalp

- Visible lice in hair or on scalp

68
Q

Head Lice Cause

A
  • Poor hygeine
  • More common in girls
  • Transmitted from contact of hair or headwear
69
Q

Head Lice Tx

A
  • Maldison (KP24)
  • Permethrin
  • Pyrethrins
  • Herbal Products
70
Q

Head Lice Counselling

A
  • Soak all combs, brushes and hair accessories in the purchased treatment
  • Wash pillow cases in hot water
  • Use fine tooth comb to check for any remaining lice
71
Q

Pubic Lice (Crabs) Symptoms

A

Itching in pubic area worse at night

- can also infest in armpits, sorso, beard and eyelashes

72
Q

Pubic Lice Cause

A

Sexually transmitted through direct contact or sharing of items

73
Q

Pubic Lice Treatment

A

Lyclear or Quellada (Scabies treatment)

PHRM1012 (15 decks)

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