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PHRM1012 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Dry Skin Symptoms

A 
Dull in appearance
Rough
Scaly
Prone to cracking
Itching
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2
Q

Dry Skin Causes

A
  • Exposure to sun and wind
  • Aircon
  • Soaps and strong detergents
  • Aging
  • Genetics
  • Certain drugs
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3
Q

Dry Skin Tx

A

Emollients

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4
Q

Dry Skin Counselling

A
  • Avoid Cause
  • Avoid wool and synthetics
  • Avoid soap
  • Moisturise
  • Moisturising sunscreen
  • Moisturising lip balm with SPF
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5
Q

Eczema Symptoms

A
  • Dry, scaly, red rash or lesions
  • intense itch
  • inside elbows, behind knees, cheeks, forehead, outer limbs
  • Flareups and remission
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6
Q

Eczema Tx

A
  • Aim to reduce itch and damage from scratching
  • Apply emollients after bathing and when needed
  • Topical Corticosteroids
  • Oral Antihistamines
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7
Q

Eczema Conselling

A
  • Avoid overheating
  • Loose light clothing
  • Avoid wool and synthetics
  • Avoid soap
  • pat dry, dont rub
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8
Q

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

A
  • Inflammation
  • Itching
  • Burning
  • Stinging
  • Redness
  • Blistering and oozing
  • Dry and Scaly
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9
Q

Allergic Contact Dematitis

A 
Rashes in unusual patterns
Allergens:
- Latex
- Nickel
- Resins
- Plants
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10
Q

Dermatitis Tx

A
  • Avoid irritant
  • Avoid soap
  • Moisturise
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Oral antihistamines
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11
Q

Topical Corticosteroid Use

A 
Indications:
- Inflammatory skin conditions
- Insect bites
- Sunburn
Contraindications:
- Acne
- Infection
- Ulcerative conditions
- Impaired circulation
Dose: one fingertip = two hands
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12
Q

Fungal Skin Infections

A
  • Tinea/Thrush
  • Grow in moist warm conditions
  • Contagious
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13
Q

Fungal Skin Infection Symptoms

A
  • Sharp margin between infected and non-infected
  • Itchy, irritated, burning sensation
  • Dry & scaly
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14
Q

Fungal Skin Infection Tx

A 
Azoles
- Inhibit growth of fungi
- Eg. Canesten, Daktarin
- Combination with hydrocortisone can be used for 7 days to relieve itch and inflamation
Allylamines
- Kill fungi
- eg. Lamisil, Loceryl
- Most effective
Nystatin
- Candida only
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15
Q

Fungal Skin Infection Counseling

A
  • Keep area clean and dry
  • Don’t share towels
  • Wear breathable clothes
  • Avoid soap
  • Avoid scratching
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16
Q

Acne

A

Cause: Increase in sebum production due to increase in androgen production

  • Genetic
  • Bacteria
  • Hormonal
  • Stress
  • Some drugs
  • Not poor hygeine or diet*
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17
Q

Acne Tx

A 
Benzoyl peroxide
- eg. Benzac and Panoxyl
Azelaic acid
- eg. Ego's Azcler Action
Keratolytic
- eg. salicylic acid & sulfur  preperations, Clean & Clear
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18
Q

Benzoyl Peroxide

A
  • First line (mild-moderate)
  • Antibacterial & keratolytic
  • 2.5% initiallu then increase strength as needed
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19
Q

Acne Counselling

A
  • Treatment takes time
  • Worsened by cosmetics and sweat
  • Avoid abrasive scrubs
  • Keep hair clean and off face
  • Oil-free products
  • Don’t pick or squeeze pimples
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20
Q

Mouth Ulcer Symptoms

A

Localised, shallow, clearly defined round oval lesions on the mucosal surface of movable parts of the mouth
- Painful and can make eating difficult

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21
Q

Mouth Ulcer Causes

A 
Non-Medical:
- Trauma
- Hormonal
- Emotional
- Chemical irratation
- Smoking cessation
Medical:
Im too lazy to write them out
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22
Q

Mouth Ulcer Tx

A
  • Topical pain relievers
  • Orabase protective paste
  • Orabase + triamcinolone (steroid)
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23
Q

Mouth Ulcer Counselling

A
  • Minimise irritation
  • Maxamise health
  • Moniter duration, frequency, size, location
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24
Q

Cold Sore Prodromal Symptoms

A

Burning, itching, pain or tingling symptoms prior to vesicle eruption

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25
Cold Sore Symptoms
- Blisters and vesicals associated with redness - Itchy and painful - Appear around mouth or nose
26
Cold Sore Cause
Herpes Simplex virus - Once contracted, with a person for life - Stimulus triggers reactivation
27
Cold Sore Triggers
- Stress - Ill-health - Sunlight - Other viral infections
28
Cold Sore Tx
Prodomal: - Antiviral medicines - Ice After Appearance: - Menthol, camphor or ammonia relieve pain and itch - Povidine-iodine relieves pain and itch with antiviral and antibacterial action - Compeed patch, protects, heals and prevents spread
29
Cold Sore Counselling
- Good hygeine - Avoid sharing anything - Avoid close contact with others
30
Sun Exposure Protective Response
- Melanocytes increase production of melanin - Melanin absorbs both UVA and UVB and protects skin from damage - BUT melanin synthesis is slow and skin damage may have already occured; sunburn
31
Sunburn
Inflammatory response to excessive exposure to UV light
32
Skin Cancer
SCC & BCC: Chronic, long-term exposure to sunlight | MM: Acute, intense & intermittent blistering sunburns
33
Precancerous lesions
Solar keratosis
34
Vitamin D
Forms in the skin when exposed to sunlight
35
Sunscreen
Absorb UV energy and protect against UVA and UVB | - must meet TGA standards
36
SPF
Sun protectant Factor SPF15+: blocks 93% of rays SPF30+: blocks 96.6% of rays
37
Sunscreen Water Resistance
- Don't come of when you perspire - Often thick and greasy - Not as effective in rough surf
38
Sunscreen Application
- 20 min before exposure - Reapply every 2 hrs and after swimming - You can even get burnt in the snow
39
Sunburn Tx
``` Aloe vera: - Very soothing - Doesn't sting - Keep in fridge and apply cold Local anaesthetics: - lignocaine (numbs skin) ```
40
Sun Protection Counselling
- Wear protective clothing, hat and sunglasses - Use broad spectrum water-resistant SPF30+ sunscreen - Stay in the shade - Stay hydrated
41
Hyperproliferative Disorders
``` Increased cell turnover rate. Includes: - Psoriasis - Seborrhoeic dermatitis (infantile cradal cap included) - Dandruff ```
42
Psoriasis Cause
- Exact is unknown - Hereditary & environmental factors - Lesions often appear over the site of previous skin trauma
43
Psoriasis Symptoms
- Chronic inflammatory relapses - Lesions that present in a number of forms - Plaque psoriasis is most common
44
Plaque Psoriasis symptoms
- Salmon-pink lesions with silvery white scales - Well defined boundaries - Size and frequency of lesions may vary
45
Plaque Psoriasis Tx
- Refer to pharmacist - Need to be under the care of dermatologist - Emollients, Keratolytics, Coal tar and Dithranol may be used as maintanance Tx
46
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis Symptoms
- Chronic, persistant inflammatory hyperproliferative skin disorder - Affects areas of head and trunk - Red rash - Powdery or greasy scale in skin fold and along hair margins (includes eyebrows)
47
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis Cause
- Yeasts - Environmental and general health factors - Hormonal factors implicated
48
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis Tx
- Frequent cleansing with soap - Sun exposure - Anti-dandruff shampoo - Topical antifungals Severe cases: Keratolytics
49
Dandruff Symptoms
Chronic, relapsing, non-inflammatory hyperproliferative skin condition - Flaking skin on scalp only (otherwise Seborrhoeic Dermatitis)
50
Dandruff Tx
- Shampoo containing zinc pyrithione or ketoconazole | - Wash hair daily to every second day
51
Wart Symptoms
- Benign growths of skin - Usually back of hands, fingers and knees - Single or in clumps
52
Veruccas (Plantaer warts)
- Warts on the sole of the feet - Pressure causes wart to grow inwards - Presses on nerves - Painful - Refer to GP
53
Wart Causes
- Caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) | - Transmission by direct skin to skin contact or public places
54
Wart Tx
- Protect skin around wart with vaseline or coloured nail polish - apply salicylic acid to affected area - Cover with non-breathable tape - Reapply daily - Don't get dressing wet - Refer diabetics to GP
55
Wart Counselling
DO NOT PICK AT WART | - Will cause the virus to spread to other areas of the body and to other people
56
Corn Cause
- Friction and pressure against bony prominences of the feet | - Innapropriate foot wear
57
Hard Corn Symptoms
- Located on top of toes - Central core of hard grey skin, - Surrounded by a painful raised yellow ring of inflammatory skin
58
Soft Corn Symptoms
- Form between toes - Whitened appearance - Remain soft due to moisture between toes
59
Corn Tx
- Remove factors causing pressure and friction - Corn pads - Corn removal pads with salicylic acid
60
Bite Symptoms
- Itching papules - Weals, bulla and pain - Localised lesions - Exposed areas
61
Sting Symptoms
- Intense, burning pain | - Erythma and oedema follow
62
Bite and Sting Tx
- Insect repellent as preventative - EpiPen for cases of anaphylaxis - Local anaethetic sprays - Topical corticosteroids - Oral antihistamines
63
Scabies Cause
- Sarcoptes scabiei mite - Highly contagious - Transmitted by direct physical contact
64
Scabies Symptoms
- Intense itching - Red rash/spots - Usually worse in creasing of skin - Confirmed by burrows
65
Scabies Pharm Tx
``` Mite Elimination: - Permethrin (Lyclear) cream - Malathion 0.5% Aqueous Liquid - Benzyl Benzoate Itch Relief: - Crotamiton - Oral Antihistamine - Hydrocortisone cream ```
66
Scabies Counselling
- May need to retreat - Itch lasts after mite is gone - Wash clothes and linene in very hot water - Treatment products should not be used after hot shower
67
Head Lice Symptoms
- Itchy scalp | - Visible lice in hair or on scalp
68
Head Lice Cause
- Poor hygeine - More common in girls - Transmitted from contact of hair or headwear
69
Head Lice Tx
- Maldison (KP24) - Permethrin - Pyrethrins - Herbal Products
70
Head Lice Counselling
- Soak all combs, brushes and hair accessories in the purchased treatment - Wash pillow cases in hot water - Use fine tooth comb to check for any remaining lice
71
Pubic Lice (Crabs) Symptoms
Itching in pubic area worse at night | - can also infest in armpits, sorso, beard and eyelashes
72
Pubic Lice Cause
Sexually transmitted through direct contact or sharing of items
73
Pubic Lice Treatment
Lyclear or Quellada (Scabies treatment)

PHRM1012 (15 decks)

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