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Core Conditions Year 3 and 4 > DERM: Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

DERM: Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

a “golden honey-coloured” crusted erosion is a characteristic of which skin infection?

A

impetigo

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2
Q

impetigo is commonly caused by which bacteria?

A

staphylococcus aureus bacteria

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3
Q

which type of people are. commonly affected by impetigo?

A

children (especially boys)

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4
Q

when is the peak onset of impetigo?

A

summer

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5
Q

what can impetigo be classified into?

A
  • non-bullous
  • bullous
  • ecthyma
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6
Q

what is non-bullous impetigo?

A
  • around the nose or mouth
  • do not usually cause systemic symptoms
  • Staph/strep invade a minor trauma site
  • Pink macule&raquo_space; vesicle/pustule&raquo_space; crusted erosions
  • Usually resolves in 2-4 weeks without treatment
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7
Q

what is bullous impetigo?

A
  • always caused by the staphylococcus aureus bacteria
  • more common in neonates and children under 2 years
  • may be feverish and generally unwell
  • heals without scarring
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8
Q

which bacteria causes impetigo?

A

Most commonly Staphylococcus aureus

or Streptococcus Pyogenes

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9
Q

what are the risk factors for impetigo?

A
  • Atopic Eczema
  • Scabies
  • Skin Trauma (Chickenpox, Insect bite, Wound, Burn, dermatitis)
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10
Q

what is ecthyma impetigo?

A
  • Strep. pyogenes main cause
  • Starts as non-bullous&raquo_space; punched-out necrotic ulcer
  • Slow healing, leaves scar
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11
Q

which type of impetigo causes a scar?

A

ecthyma impetigo

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12
Q

what are some complications of impetigo?

A
  • Cellulitis if the infection gets deeper in the skin
  • Sepsis
  • Scarring
  • Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
  • Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome
  • Scarlet fever
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13
Q

how do you diagnose impetigo?

A

Diagnosed clinically

Bacterial swabs for confirmation

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14
Q

how do you treat impetigo?

A
  • Clean wound with antiseptic
  • Cover affected areas
  • If extensive, oral abx recommended (e.g. flucloxacillin)
  • Avoid contact with others (physical, towels/flannels etc)
  • Children must avoid school until crust dries
  • Wash daily with antibacterial soap and identify the source of infection to avoid re-infection
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15
Q

what is cellulitis?

A

Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and the soft tissues underneath.

  • Involves deep subcutaneous tissue
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16
Q

what is Erysipelas?

A

an acute, superficial form of cellulitis

  • Only involves dermis and upper subcutaneous tissue
17
Q

how does cellulitis present?

A
  • Erythema (red discolouration)
  • Warm or hot to touch
  • Tense
  • Thickened
  • Oedematous
  • Bullae (fluid filled blisters)
  • A golden-yellow crust can be present and indicate a staphylococcus aureus infection
  • mostly lower limbs
  • mostly unilateral
  • systemically unwell
18
Q

what are the most common causes of cellulitis?

A

The most common causes are:

Staphylococcus aureus

  • Group A Streptococcus (mainly streptococcus pyogenes)
  • Group C Streptococcus (mainly Streptococcus dysgalactiae)

Other causes: MRSA

19
Q

necrotising fasciitis can often appear similar to cellulitis, what are the differences?

A
  • Pain is often far more extreme than cellulitis
  • Crepitus on palpation (soft tissue gas)
  • More rapid progression
  • Patient more systemically unwell
20
Q

what are the risk factors for cellulitis/Erysipelas?

A
  • Previous episodes
  • Fissures in toes/heels
    E.g. athletes foot
  • Venous disease
  • Current or prior injury
    Trauma, surgery
  • Immunodeficiency
  • Obesity and diabetes
  • Pregnancy
21
Q

how is Erysipelas distinguished from cellulitis?

A

Erysipelas is distinguished from cellulitis by a well-defined, red, raised border

22
Q

what are some complications of cellulitis?

A

LOCAL NECROSIS

ABSCESS

SEPTICAEMIA

23
Q

how do you diagnose cellulitis?

A

Diagnosed largely clinically

Blood culture or wound swabs for causative organism

24
Q

how do you treat cellulitis?

A

Antibiotics: Flucloxacillin

Supportive care:

  • Rest
  • Elevation
  • Sterile dressings
  • analgesia
25
Q

what is folliculitis?

A

Group of skin conditions where hair follicles are inflamed

Acne and rosacea is a type of folliculitis

26
Q

what are some causes of folliculitis?

A
  • infection.
  • occlusion (blockage).
  • irritation (regrowth from shaving, waxing etc).
27
Q

what are the general clinical features of folliculitis?

A
  • Tender red spot, often with surface pustule
  • Can be superficial or deep
  • Affects anywhere with hair (Chest, Back, Buttocks, Arms and leg)
28
Q

how do you diagnose folliculitis?

A

Diagnosed clinically

Bacterial swabs for confirmation

29
Q

how do you treat folliculitis?

A
  • Careful hygiene
  • Antiseptic cleanser
  • BACTERIAL: Topical/oral antibiotics e.g. tetracycline
  • VIRAL: Aciclovir
  • YEAST/FUNGI: Topical/oral antifungal
30
Q

what is intertrigo?

A
  • Rash in flexures/body folds
  • May affect one or multiple sites
  • Affects males and females of any age
31
Q

what are the risk factors for intertrigo?

A
  • Obesity
  • Genetic tendency
  • Hyperhidrosis (excess sweating)
32
Q

what causes intertrigo?

A
  • Flexural skin has a high surface temp
  • Moisture is stopped from evaporating due to folds
  • Friction from movement of fold skin can cause chafing
  • Bacteria and/or yeast multiply in warm, moist settings
  • Other skin infections (e.g. thrush, tinea) can cause intertrigo
  • Other skin conditions (flexural psoriasis, various dermatitises)
33
Q

what are some general clinical features of intertrigo?

A
  • Rash in flexures/body folds e.g. behind ears, axillae, groin, buttocks, finger/toe webs.
  • Skin is inflamed and uncomfortable
  • Skin may become moist, leading to fissures and peeling
34
Q

what are some complications of intertrigo?

A
  • tissue infection e.g. cellulitis
  • staph. scalded skin syndrome.
  • glomerulonephritis
35
Q

how do you diagnose intertrigo?

A

Bacterial swabs for confirmation

Skin biopsy if unusual or not responding to treatment

36
Q

how do you treat intertrigo?

A
  • Antiperspirant
  • BACTERIA: Topical/oral abx
  • YEAST/FUNGI: Topical/oral antifungals
  • INFLAMMATION: Low potency topical steroids
    E.g. hydrocortisone
    Calcineurin inhibitors
    E.g. tacrolimus

Core Conditions Year 3 and 4 (89 decks)

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