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Core Conditions Year 3 and 4 > Abdominal: Acute hepatitis > Flashcards

Abdominal: Acute hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

what is hepatitis?

A

inflammationof the liver

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2
Q

what is hepatitis caused by?

A
  • viral infection

- liver damage caused by alcohol

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3
Q

what type of virus is Hep A and how is it transferred?

A
  • RNA virus

- faecal-oral route usually by contaminated water or food

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4
Q

why hep infection is self-limiting and does not cause chronic liver disease?

A

Hep A
Hep B (in adults)
Hep E

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5
Q

what type of virus is Hep B and how is it transferred?

A
  • DNA marker
  • direct contact with blood or bodily fluids, e.g. during sexual intercourse, sharing needles (i.e. IV drug users or tattoos), “vertical transmission” from infected mother to child.
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6
Q

which Hep virus is uncommon in the UK?

A

Hep B

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7
Q

what type of virus is Hep C and how is it transferred?

A
  • RNA virus

- Blood and bodily fluids

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8
Q

what is the most common type of hepatitis virus in the UK?

A

Hep C (chronic)

Hep E (Acute)

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9
Q

The UK has vaccinations available for which hep viruses?

A

Hep A

Hep B

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10
Q

which hepatitis virus needs hepatitis B virus to already be present in n individual in order to survive?

A

Hep D

NB: There’s no vaccine specifically for hepatitis D, but the hepatitis B vaccine can help protect you from it.

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11
Q

what type of virus is Hep E and how is it transferred?

A
  • RNA virus

- faecal oral route

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12
Q

which hepatitis virus is associated with he consumption of raw meat?

A

Hep E

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13
Q

how is hep D transferred?

A

blood-to-blood contact orsexual contact

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14
Q

what are risk factors for hepatitis?

A
  • high alcohol intake
  • high fat diet
  • hygiene (wash food and hands, cook meat thoroughly)
  • travel to countries where hepatitis is more prevalent (e.g. SE Asia, sub-sharan Africa)
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15
Q

what are clinical features of acute hepatitis?

A

Short-term (acute) hepatitis often has no noticeable symptoms, so you may not realise you have it.

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16
Q

what are clinical features of chronic hepatitis?

A
  • muscle and joint pain
  • fever
  • nausea and vomiting
  • fatigue, malaise
  • loss of appetite
  • abdo pain
  • dark urine
  • pale/grey coloured poo
  • itchy skin
  • jaundice
17
Q

which conditions present in a similar way to chronic hepatitis?

A
  • alcohol liver disease
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  • Autoimmune hepatitis.
  • Metabolic and genetic disorders (such as Wilson’s disease, hereditary haemochromatosis, alpha1antitrypsin deficiency).
  • Drug-induced liver disease.
  • Granulomatous disorders.
  • Liver cirrhosis.
  • Primary binary scleriosis.
  • Hepatitis caused by other viruses such as hepatitisA,C, andD.
18
Q

what diagnostic test would you do to confirm a diagnosis of Hepatitis?

A
  • Blood test (LFTs)

- Heptatitis serology

19
Q

what would you expect to see happen to the LFTs of a person with hepatitis?

A
  • ALT and AST significantly increased
  • Bilirubin may be elevated
  • prothrombin time may be prolonged
20
Q

which antigens do you test foe when requesting a hepatitis B serology?

A
  • hepatitisB surface antigen (HBsAg)
  • antibody to hepatitisB core antigen (anti-HBc)

NB: both indicate acute or chronic hepatitisB infection

21
Q

what does detection of ImmunoglobulinM antibody to hepatitisB core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) indicate?

A

current or past acute infection.

22
Q

which antigens do you test foe when requesting a hepatitis A serology?

A
  • hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin M (HAV-IgM)

- hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin G (HAV-IgG)

23
Q

what does detection of hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin M (HAV-IgM) indicate?

A

acute hepatitis A infection is likely

24
Q

what does detection of hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin G (HAV-IgG) indicate?

A

this indicates current or past hepatitis A infection, or immunity from previous vaccination.

Core Conditions Year 3 and 4 (89 decks)

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