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[2a] A ⼀ Step 2 OD USLME > ✅Derm > Flashcards

✅Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Identify

________________

When does this onset and regress?

________________

Describe composition

A

Capillary Hemangioma

________________

Birth - 6 mo and regresses by 7 yo.

________________

Small Capillaries that BLANCHES on pressure

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2
Q

What causes Purulent cellulitis

A

Staph Aureus

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3
Q

What causes NONPurulent cellulitis

A

GASP

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4
Q

Between flexor and extensor, which is more involved with [Eczema Atopic Dermatitis]

A

Flexor

If superimposed with HSV –> Eczema Herpeticum which –> hemorrhagic crusting

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5
Q

Rash description: scaly, erythematous, pruritic rash with a raised border and central clearing

________________

tx?-2

A

[Tinea Corporis ringworm]

________________

Tx = [topical clotrimazole] or [topical terbinafine]

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6
Q

Rash description: scaly, erythematous, pruritic rash with a raised border and central clearing.

What is the diagnosis?

________________

how do you confirm this diagnosis?

A

[Tinea Corporis ringworm]

________________

KOH of skin scrapings

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7
Q

Diagnosis?

________________

Demographic?

Non Blanching Blue Grey Sacral patches

A

[Mongolian Spot dermal melanocytosis] (fades during childhood)

________________

Pretty much every race except white lol

  • These should be NON-Tender*
  • Often described on test as Non Blanching Blue Grey Sacral Patches*
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8
Q
A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Most common skin cancer in immunocompromised patients

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9
Q

How do Corticosteroids affect the skin?

A

CTS ➜ [Monomorphic papular ACNE]

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10
Q

Diagnosis?

________________

Management?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

________________

[Mohs surgical removal]

(since it rarely metastasizes but invades locally)

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11
Q

diagnosis?

________________

How do you confirm diagnosis for this?

A

Bullous Pemphigoid

________________

bx showing IgG and C3 deposits at basement membrane

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12
Q

diagnosis?

________________

Treatment?

A

bullous pemphigoid

________________

[high potency topical CTS]

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13
Q

Identify

A

[Epidermal Inclusion Cyst]

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14
Q

Lipomas and Epidermal inclusion cyst can both present as painless benign nodules

How do you differentiate the two? - 3

A
  1. EIC resolves spontaneously and can come back. Lipoma don’t resolve w/out surgery!
  2. EIC are FIRM vs Lipoma which is soft rubbery
  3. EIC may drain cheesey white discharge +/-
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15
Q

Describe a Dermatofibroma

A

benign fibroblast proliferation that forms hyperpigmented nodule usually on LE that causes center dimpling when pinched

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16
Q

what’s the treatment for this?

A

Topical Retinoids

________________

  • Ichthyosis Vulgaris*
  • diffuse dermal scaling resembling fish or reptile scales, MUCH WORST than eczema*
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17
Q
A

Ichthyosis Vulgaris

  • diffuse dermal scaling resembling fish or reptile scales, MUCH WORST than eczema*
  • tx = topical retinoids*
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18
Q

Which dermatologic condition is Hepatitis C associated with?

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda with skin fragility and photosensitivity

also associated with EtOH and OCPs

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19
Q

diagnosis?

A

Seborrheic Keratosis

________________

[stucK on brown benign epidermal tumors in the elderly]

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20
Q

describe this lesion

A

[stucK on brown benign epidermal tumors in the elderly]

________________

Seborrheic Keratosis

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21
Q
A

Lichen Planus

Papules flat topped, pruritic, planar, polygonal

22
Q

Which antibiotic is most associated with phototoxic drug eruptions?

A

Tetracyclines

especially in sun-exposed areas

23
Q

What type of cellular reaction is responsible for [Allergic Contact Dermatitis]?

erythematous papules and vesicles

A

[Type 4 T cell mediated hypersensitivity]

24
Q

MOD for Lentigo

________________

demographic?

A

intraepidermal melanocyte hyperplasia that –> EVEN pigmentation

________________

elderly

25
Q

How should you work up melanoma?

A

excisional bx with initial margins of 1-3 mm of normal tissue also

26
Q

What are the common triggers for Rosacea?-4

A

Emotion

EtOH

Hot drinks

Heat

27
Q

cp for Rosacea - 4

A
  1. central face erythema
  2. facial flushing
  3. telangiectasia
  4. burning

________________

Rosacea can –> Permanent Flushed skin!

28
Q

Description of Seborrheic Dermatitis

________________

Tx?

A

erythematous plaques with an oily greasy scaling of the scalp, eyelids, nasolabial folds and postauricular areas

________________

nonmedicated shampoo

29
Q

tx for [inflammatory acne] - 2

A

[Benzoyl Peroxide] ➜ [Abx (topical before PO | erythromycin/clindamycin)]

________________

Treating Bad Acne Is vulgar

30
Q

tx for [Noninflammatory comedonal acne]

A

[Topical Retinoids with salicylic acid]

________________

Treating Bad Acne Is vulgar

31
Q

Dx?

________________

Tx?-2

A

[Tinea versicolor Malassezia]

________________

[selenium sulfide] or ketoconazole

salmon colored hypo or hyperpigmented macules that appears more readily after sun exposure since surrounding skin is tanned

32
Q

SQC is the most common Cancer of the lower lip

What would microscopy show for SQC?

A

Squamous cells with KERATIN PEARLS

33
Q

What does microscopy for Apthous Ulcer Canker Sores show?

A

Fibrin coated ulcerations with underlying mononuclear infiltrates

34
Q

Contact Dermatitis or Urticaria?

A

Contact Dermatitis

Erythematous papules and vesicles

35
Q

Contact Dermatitis or Urticaria?

A

Urticaria

Causes = infection, NSAIDs, IgE, radiocontrast

well circumscribed raised erythematous plaques with central pallor

36
Q

etx for Pemphigus Vulgaris

________________

cp?-2

A

[DesmoGlein3 (which adhere epidermal keratinocytes)] are attacked by [IgG autoantibodies]

________________

  1. [Flaccid Bullae with Nikolsky] PLUS
  2. Mucosal Erosions

________________

Nikolsky sign = light rubbing of skin separates epidermis

37
Q

cp for Mild Drug Allergy - 2

________________

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is this?

A
  1. Urticaria
  2. Pruritus without systemic symptoms

[Type 1 IgE Hypersensitivity reaction]

38
Q

[Hidradenitis Suppurativa Acne Inversa] etx ; cp?

A

chronic recurring inflammatory occlusion of the FolliculoPiloSebaceous units –>

Painful intertriginous nodules that can –> abscess and scarring

39
Q

What are the risk factors for [Hidradenitis Suppurativa Acne Inversa]? - 5

A
  1. DM
  2. Obesity
  3. Smoking
  4. Mechanical stress (friction, pressure)
  5. Fam hx

Painful intertriginous nodules that can –> abscess and scarring

40
Q

What is the Diagnosis?

________________

What is the major risk factor for this condition?

A

[Actinic Solar Keratosis (precursor to SQC)]

________________

SUN

tx = Fluorouracil

41
Q

Diagnosis?

________________

Tx?-2

A

[Tinea Capitis Dermatophytosis]

________________

  1. [Griseofulvin PO]
  2. [Terbinafine PO]
42
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is Nickel allergy?

A

4T

[Type 4 T-cell mediated Delayed hypersensitivity reaction]

43
Q
44
Q

Describe the symptom manifestation for Pityriasis Rosea

A

idiopathic self-limited [initial lesion Herald patch] ➜ many oval plaques that follow cleaveage lines of the trunk sometimes into a Christmas Tree pattern

45
Q

What is a Marjolin Ulcer?

A

SQC that comes from wound or burn and has higher risk for metastasis

46
Q

Tx for Keloids

A

Intralesional CTS

47
Q

What is the Diagnosis?

________________

Tx?

A

[Actinic Keratosis (precursor to SQC)]

________________

Fluorouracil

________________

(also used in Bowen SQC insitu)

48
Q

What is the step wise approach to treating Acne Vulgaris

A

“Losers Treating Bad Acne Is vulgar”

1st: Lifestyle ∆ (avoid chocolate, water-based makeup)
2nd: [Topical Retinoids with salicylic acid] = [Noninflammatory Comedonal Acne]
3rd: add Benzoyl peroxidePGX = Inflammatory Acne
4th: add Antibiotics (Topical before Oral) - erythromycin, clindamycin = Inflammatory Acne

5th: add [Isotretinoin PO]PGX = Nodulocystic Acne
_________________

​

PGX = PREGNANCY CONTRAINDICATED/TERATOGENIC

49
Q
A

Pityriasis Rosea

50
Q

Differentiate [Pemphigus vulgaris] from [Bullous pemphigoid] using:

target the autoantibodies attack

A

P = DESMOGLEIN 3

________________

b = hemidesmosomes

51
Q

Differentiate [Pemphigus vulgaris] from [Bullous pemphigoid] using:

Blister characteristics (3 each)

A

Papa = SUPERFICIAL / FLACCID / NIK+

________________

bravo = deep / tense/ nik-

________________

Nik = Nikolsky sign

52
Q

Differentiate [Pemphigus vulgaris] from [Bullous pemphigoid] using:

Demographic affected

A

P = YOUNG

________________

b = old

[2a] A ⼀ Step 2 OD USLME (21 decks)

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