Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fall 2024 > Dental and Pharyngitis Pharm > Flashcards

Dental and Pharyngitis Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What causes dental plaque

A

bacterial biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums with redness, swelling, and provoked bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define periodontitis

A

Gingival inflammation accompanied by loss of supportive connective tissue including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What prescription is helpful for gingivitis treatment?

A

Chlorhexidine Gluconate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What and how does chlorhexidine gluconate work

A

basically all bacteria + yeast; bacteriostatic at low doses and bacteriocidal at higher doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the indications for chlorhexidine gluconate?

A

Gingivitis and periodontitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is chlorhexidine gluconate used to treat gingivitis?

A

oral rinse swish for 30 seconds with 15 mL; repeat twice daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is chlorhexidine gluconate used for periodontitis treatment?

A

periodontal chip - 1 chip inserted into a periodontal pocket with a probing pocket >=5mm (up to 8 chips);
Treat every 3 months
dislodges < 48 hrs, replace
dislodges > 7 days, fully treated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the adverse effects of chlorhexidine gluconate

A

Toothache, URI, sinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the active ingredients in OTC mouthwash

A

Cetylpyridinium chloride
Chlorhexidine
Essential oils
Fluoride
Peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which OTC mouthwash ingredient reduces bad breath

A

Cetylpyridinium chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which OTC mouthwash ingredient helps control plaque and gingivitis?

A

Chlorhexidine and essential oils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which OTC mouthwash ingredient helps prevent tooth decay

A

Fluoride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which OTC mouthwash ingredient helps whiten teeth

A

Peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What population should not use mouthwash and why

A

Children <6 due to risk of ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is dental calculus (calcified dental plaque) prevented?

A

Tartar control toothpastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What ingredients are in tartar control toothpastes?

A

Zinc salts
Pyrophosphate
Sodium Hexametaphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the mechanisms of topical fluoride

A
  1. Enhance remineralization of carious lesions before they become cavities
  2. Inhibition of demineralization
  3. Destroy enzymes in bacteria that produce acids that erode the teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Outline the fluoride supplement guidelines ages <6 months

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fluoride supplement guidelines 6 months - 3 years

A

<0.3ppm = 0.25 mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fluoride supplement guidelines 3 years to 6 years

A

<0.3ppm = 0.5mg/day
0.3-0.6ppm = 0.25mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fluoride supplement guidelines 6-16 year

A

<0.3ppm = 1mg/day
0.3-0.6ppm = 0.5mg/day

23
Q

What to note about gingivitis vs periodontitis AB treatment

A

Gingivitis: need to cover anaerobes if ulcerative vs simple (clindamycin, metronidazole, Augmentin)

Periodontitis:
Stage I-2 = topical
Stage 3-4 = oral
Immunocompromised = IV

24
Q

What are common dental pain medications

A

NSAIDs
Acetaminophen
Opioids

25
Q

What must be avoided when treating dental pain

A

XR or long acting opioids

26
Q

What should be done if dental pain is due to infection

A

Surgery to remove infected tissue

27
Q

What does postoperative pain lasting >3 days indicate

A

alveolar osteitis

28
Q

What is the preoperative pain management for acute dental pain

A

NSAIDs single dose 30-60 minutes prior to dental procedure +/- chlorhexidine gluconate

29
Q

What is the postoperative pain management for acute dental pain

A
  1. Chlorhexidine gluconate
  2. Ice/heat/rest
  3. NSAID +/- acetaminophen on scheduled basis

Mild - NSAID (400) or Acetaminophen (325)
Moderate - NSAID (800) + Acetaminophen (500)
Severe - NSAID (800) + Acetaminophen (325) + low dose opioid (no more than 3 days)

30
Q

What are the classifications of chronic oral face pain

A
  1. temporomandibular disorders
  2. Persistent idiopathic facial pain
  3. Atypical odontalgia
    *often associated with psychosocial problems
31
Q

What are the pharmacotherapy treatments for chronic oral facial pain

A

Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Baclofen
Tricyclic Antidepressants

32
Q

What medications cause Xerostomia

A

SSRI
Sulfonylureas
Respiratory agents (anticholinergics)
Thiazides
CCB
Urinary Antispasmodics
NSAIDs
Opioids
Ophthalmologic agents

33
Q

Non-pharm treatments of Xerostomia

A

Increase hydration
Humidification
Avoidance of irritating triggers

34
Q

OTC medications to treat Xerostomia

A
  1. Saliva substitutes:
    - Mouth Kote
    - Oasis mouth spray
    - Biotene gel
    - Salivart
  2. Mucosal lubricants
  3. Saliva Stimulants
35
Q

Rx med for Xerostomia

A

Pilocarpine
1. related to head-neck cancer treatment - 5-10 mg PO tid, may take 12 weeks to help
2. related to Sjogren’s - 5mg PO qid, may take 6 weeks to help

36
Q

Pilocarpine MOA

A

Cholinergic agonist
Increases parasympathetic activity
Increases secretion from salivary glands

37
Q

What are adverse issues of bruxism

A
  1. Jaw muscle hypertrophy
  2. Tooth wear and crack development
  3. Pain
38
Q

What are potential drug related causes

A
  1. Antipsychotics
  2. SSRI
  3. SNRI

Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine, Sertraline

Symptoms onset 3-4 weeks and take 3-4 weeks to subside after cessation

39
Q

What does “meth mouth” look like

A

Blackened
Stained
Rotting
Crumbling
Falling apart

40
Q

Potential etiology of meth mouth

A

Acidic nature of meth
Dry mouth - less protective saliva
Increased carbonated beverages
increased grinding
Not properly cleaning teeth

41
Q

Treatment of choice for pharyngitis

A

Penicillin

42
Q

Penicillin VK dosing

A

Adults: 500mg BID
Children: 50mg/kg/day in 3 doses
- both 10 days

43
Q

Penicillin benzathine dosing

A

Adults: 1.2 million units IM once
Children (<27kg): 0.6 million units IM once

44
Q

Amoxicillin dosing

A

Adults: 500mg TID
Children: 40-50mg/kg/day
- both 10 days

45
Q

How to treat epiglottitis if not maintaining airway

A

immediate endotracheal intubation

46
Q

Maintain airway and less than 6

A

endotracheal intubation

47
Q

Maintaining airway and >6

A

individual decision of intubation vs observation

47
Q

Adults without severe respiratory stress and <50% airway obstruction

A

Closely monitor in ICU w/o artificial airway

48
Q

Most common organisms - epiglottitis

A

H. influenza type B
Strep pneumoniae
GA strep
Staph aureus

49
Q

What should be done prior to AB administration for epiglottitis

A

Blood culture and (if intubated) epiglottic culture

50
Q

What empiric therapy for epiglottitis

A

Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime + vancomycin for 7-10 days
If allergy, Vancomycin + quinolone OR carbapenem

51
Q

Who gets DTaP and who gets Tdap

A

DTaP - peds (Infanrix, Daptacel)
Tdap - 7 or older (Boostrix, Adacel)

52
Q

At what ages do babies get DTaP

A

2, 4, and 6 months
15-18 months
4-6 years

53
Q

Variations of combo DTaP vaccines

A

Pediarix - DTaP-IPV-HepB
Pentacel - DTaP-IPV-Hib

Fall 2024 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions