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Fall 2024 > Child development > Flashcards

Child development Flashcards

1
Q

When can children begin to lift head

A

1 month

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2
Q

When can children put their chest up and use arm support

A

3 months

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3
Q

When can an infant role over

A

3 months

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4
Q

When can an infant bear some weight on the legs

A

4 months

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5
Q

When can an infant sit without support

A

between 5 and 6 months

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6
Q

When can an infant stand while holding on

A

6 months

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7
Q

When can an infant pull itself to stand

A

7-8 months

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8
Q

When can an infant walk while holding on to furniture

A

about 9 months

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9
Q

When can an infant stand well alone

A

11-12 months

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10
Q

When can an infant walk well alone

A

12 months

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11
Q

When can an infant walk up steps

A

17 months

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12
Q

What are the stages of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor - birth to 2 years
Preoperational stage - 2 to 7 years
Concrete operational stage - 7 to 11 years
Formal Operational stage - 12+

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13
Q

Describe the preoperational stage

A

2-7
Most below 7 sat that the taller liquid column has more liquid, the longer sausage has more clay, and the longer row has more objects

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14
Q

Describe the concrete operational stage

A

7-11
They start to understand logic, reversibility, conservation, and sociocentrism

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15
Q

Describe the formal operation stage

A

12+
They start to understand abstract thought*, advanced logic (deducting reasoning), and “metacognition” which helps them consider the thoughts and ideas of others

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16
Q

Summary of sensorimotor

A

0-2
Coordination of senses with motor response, sensory curiosity about the world. Language used for demands and cataloguing. Object permanence developed

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17
Q

Summary of preoperational

A

2-7
Symbolic thinking, use of proper syntax and grammar to express full concepts. Imagination and intuition are strong, but complex abstract thought still difficulty. Conservation is developed.

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18
Q

Summary of concrete operational

A

7-11
Concepts attached to concrete situations. Time, space, and quantity are understood and can be applied, but not as independent concepts

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19
Q

Summary of formal operations

A

12+
Theoretical, hypothetical, and counterfactual thinking. Abstract logic and reasoning. Strategy and planning become possible. Concepts learned in one context can be applied to another.

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20
Q

How many stage are in Erickson’s psychosocial theory

A

8

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21
Q

EPT stage 1

A

Trust vs Mistrust
If needs are dependably met, infants develop sense of basic trust

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22
Q

EPT stage 2

A

Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
Toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities

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23
Q

EPT stage 3

A

Initiative vs Guilt
Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent

24
Q

EPT stage 4

A

Industry vs Inferiority
Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior

25
Q

EPT stage 5

A

Identity vs Confusion
Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

26
Q

EPT stage 6

A

Intimacy vs isolation
Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated

27
Q

EPT stage 7

A

Generativity vs Stagnation
The middle-aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose

28
Q

EPT stage 8

A

Integrity vs Despair
When reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure

29
Q

Define attachment

A

A close emotional bond between two people

30
Q

What scale is used for attachment

A

Bowlby’s conceptualization of attachment

31
Q

BCA phase 1

A

Birth - 2 months
Infants instinctively direct their attachment to human figures. Strangers, siblings, and parents are equally likely to elicit smiling or crying from the infant

32
Q

BCA phase 2

A

2-7 months
Attachment becomes focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver, as the baby gradually learn to distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people

33
Q

BCA phase 3

A

7-24 months
Specific attachments develop. With increased locomotor skills, babies actively seek contact with regular caregivers, such as the mother or father

34
Q

BCA phase 4

A

24 months +
Children become aware of others’ feelings, goals, and plans and begin to take these into account in forming their own actions

35
Q

What is Mary Ainsworth’s attachment situation

A

Attachment types and behaviors

36
Q

Describe the secure attachment type

A

explores the room, orientation to mother

Some discomfort when mother leaves

Comfortable with strangers when mom is there

Greets mother positively when mom returns

Sensitive and supportive mother

37
Q

Describe the insecure avoidant attachment type

A

No orientation to mother when exploring the room

Unconcerned when the mother leaves

Comfortable with strangers

Uninterested when mother returns

Rejection/ignoring of mother

38
Q

Describe the insecure resistant attachment type

A

Unconcerned with exploring

Intense distress when mom leaves

Uncomfortable with strangers

Rejects mother when she returns

Mother’s behavior is inconsistent

39
Q

Describe the insecure disorganized attachment type

A

Appears disoriented

Dazed, confused, and fearful when mom leaves

Resistant and avoidant to strangers

Apprehensive and confused when mom returns

Mother often extreme, erratic, frightened, or frightening

40
Q

What is development

A

The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan

41
Q

What is puberty

A

A period of rapid physical maturation, occurring primarily in early adolescence, that involves hormonal and bodily changes

42
Q

What is adolescence

A

A transitional period in the human life span linking childhood and adulthood

43
Q

What is the epigenetic view

A

Development reflects an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between genes and the environment

44
Q

__% of american children have at least on sibling

A

80

45
Q

Between ages 2-4, siblings will average a conflict every _______ minutes

A

10

46
Q

What do parents do when siblings fight?

A

Intervene and try to help resolve the conflict
Admonish or threaten them
Do nothing at all (most common if kids are 2-5 years old)

47
Q

What can make toilet training even harder

A

unreasonable expectations or parents pushing too hard

48
Q

Not uncommon for children to be older than ___ when finally potty trained

A

3

49
Q

Who is in control of toilet training?

A

the child not the parent

50
Q

What determines success with toilet training

A

Waiting until the child is ready and figuring out what appeals to them

51
Q

What should be considered when moving with a child

A

Stressful for family - children will sense parents’ feelings

Prepare as early as possible

Child should be involved as much as possible

52
Q

Childhood view on death

A

Children’s conception changes over time

As young as 4 they can sense that death is irreversible and involves the cessation of mental and physical function

53
Q

How to tell a child about death

A

Honesty is the best strategy; don’t say things like “grandma went to sleep”

54
Q

What can be utilized if a child loses a loved one

A

Many support programs and resources with therapists

55
Q

Describe the transition from adolescence to adulthood

A

Characterized by physical and psychological separation form family leading to establishment of self-reliance and goals leading to new life structure

56
Q

What are the major tasks of transitioning to adulthood

A

Establish a self that is separate from their parents
Develop a new inner definition of self
Cognitive and vocational achievement and decisions

Fall 2024 (34 decks)

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