Bone Packet - Gentile Flashcards
What is the function of osteocalcin
- Regulates bone formation
- Protects against glucose intolerance
What are the flat bones?
Ribs, sternum, scapulae, most skull bones
What are some irregular bones?
facial bones and vertebrae
What are the short bones?
carpals and tarsals
What are some long bones?
bones of limbs
What are sutural bones?
small, flat, irregular bones between flat bones of the skull
What are the sesamoid bones
Patella
What does the spongy bone consist of
trabeculae and marrow
What are the connective tissue membranes
Periosteum and endosteum
What do you call the long bone shaft
diaphysis
What do you call the ends of long bones
epiphysis
What is the Haversian system
structural units of compact bone parallel to the long axis that contain blood vessels and nerve fibers
What part of the bone is flexible and tensile
osteoid
What type of bone is hardness and ability to resist compression
hydroxyapatites
What does vit C do
cartilage synthesis and osteoblast differentiation
What does vit D do
calcium and phosphate absorption in small intestine
What does vit A do
osteoblast activity
What vitamins do synthesis of bone proteins
C, K, B12
What does growth hormone do?
stimulates cell division in epiphyseal plates
What does thyroid hormone do?
modulate growth hormone effects; skeletal proportions
What do sex hormones do
stimulates ossification of epiphyseal plates
What do osteoblasts secrete
osteoid
What are areas of new bone matrix deposits
osteoid seams
What is the abrupt transition between osteoid seams and older bone
calcification front
What binds and concentrates calcium
matrix proteins
What enzyme is critical for mineralization
alkaline phosphatase
What do osteoclasts secrete
lysosomal enzymes
What do osteoclasts digest?
protons and organic matrix
What is the primary hormonal controller
parathyroid hormone
What does parathyroid hormone stimulate
osteoclasts
What inhibits osteoclast activity
calcitonin
