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Reproductive Health > Dengue fever > Flashcards

Dengue fever Flashcards

1
Q

What is dengue fever?

A

Self limiting flu-like illness
Caused by dengue virus - type of flavivirus

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2
Q

What is dengue fever spread by and where?

A

Aedes aegyptu
Aedes albopictus
Southeast Asia, africa, Pacific and Americas

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3
Q

Four serotypes of dengue virus

A

DEN-1
DEN-2
DEN-3
DEN-4

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4
Q

How do serotypes and imunity to degnue work?

A

Life long immunity after ill
If prev immunity to one serotype and infected by another -> severe dengue

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4
Q

How do serotypes and imunity to degnue work?

A

Life long immunity after ill
If prev immunity to one serotype and infected by another -> severe dengue

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5
Q

Incubation for dengue

A

2-7 dyas

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6
Q

Phases of dengue fever

A

Febrile phase
Critical
Recovery

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6
Q

Phases of dengue fever

A

Febrile phase
Critical
Recovery

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7
Q

Risk factors

A

Live/travel endemic areas
Poor public hygeine
High population density

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8
Q

Febrile phase clinical features

A

High grade fever
Maculopapular rash
Facial flushing
Muscle and joint pains
Severe headache
Retro-orbital pain
Nausea and vomitting

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9
Q

How long is febrile phase dengue

A

2-7 days

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9
Q

How long is febrile phase dengue

A

2-7 days

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10
Q

Clincal examination findings febrile phase dengue

A

Maculopapular rash sparing palms and soles

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10
Q

Clincal examination findings febrile phase dengue

A

Maculopapular rash sparing palms and soles

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10
Q

Clincal examination findings febrile phase non severe dengue

A

Maculopapular rash sparing palms and soles
Positive tourniquet test

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11
Q

What is a positive tourniquet test?

A

there is >20 petechiae per 2.5cm.2

12
Q

Critical phase how long last and what it is?

A

After third day fever
Lasts 24-48 hours
Increase in capillary permeability with drop in body temperature

13
Q

Symptoms of critical phase

A

Severe abdominal pain
Persistnet vomitting
Rapid breathing
Lethargy
Altered LOC
Restlessness

14
Q

Dengue with warning signs what not to miss

A

Haemorrhageic manifestatiosns
=Petechiae, mucosal, membrane bleeding na d menorrhagia
Enlarged and tender liver
Evidence of shock - prolonged cap regill time

15
Q

Signs of severe dengue

A

Clinical fluid accumulation = pleural effusion, ascites
Periorbital oedema
Hypovolaemic shcol
Severe bleeding

15
Q

Signs of severe dengue

A

Clinical fluid accumulation = pleural effusion, ascites
Periorbital oedema
Hypovolaemic shcol
Severe bleeding

16
Q

Recovery phase time and signs

A

Leaked plasma reabsorbed into blood
48-72 hours
‘isles of white in a sea of red’

17
Q

Severity classes dengue

A

Probable dengue
Dengue with warning signs
Severe dengue

17
Q

Severity classes dengue

A

Probable dengue
Dengue with warning signs
Severe dengue

18
Q

What is the criteria for probable dengue

A

1 - Live in or travel to dengue endemic areas
2 - fever
3 - 2 of follwong:
-N+V
-Rash
-Aches and pains
-Positive tourniquet test
-Leukopenia
-Any warning sign

19
Q

Dengue with warning signs

A

1 - Abdominal pain
2 - Persistent vomitting
3 - Clinical fluid accumulation
4 - Mucosal bleed
5 - lethargy
6 - restlessness
7 - tender liver
8 - increase in haematocrit with rapid decrease in platelet count

20
Q

Severe dengue criteria

A

1 - Severe plasma leakage
-Dengue shock syndrome
-Fluid accumulation with respiratory distress
2 - Severe haemorrhage
3 - Severe organ impairement
-Liver impairment
-CNS impairment
-Cardiac failure

21
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

Malaria
Typhoid fever
HIV seroconversion
Infectiours mononucleosis
Measkes
Erythe,a infectiosum
Chikungunya
Zika virus
COVID-19

22
Q

How to investigate denfue fever

A

BP
FBC, LFTs, U+Es, coag screen
CXR
NSI antigen test
IgM antiboides with ELISA
IgG antibodies with ELSIA

23
Q

What look for in FBC, LFT, U+Es?

A

-Raised haematocrit and low platelet count suggests dengue warning signs (may also present with neutropenia + leukopenia)
-Raised ALT and AST - organs involved
Coag - prolonged APTT + PT

24
Q

When is NSI antigen detected?

A

First 4 days og illness

25
Q

When are IgM antibodies for dengue detected?

A

After 5 days os illness
Peaks 2 weeks after onset symptoms

26
Q

When are IgG antibodies detected and what used for

A

After 7 days of illness, lasts for life - used to confirm secondary infection

27
Q

Key management of dengue

A

PHE notify
Control fever with paracetemil
IV fluid resus w close monitor - prevent overload
Escalate patients with warning signs and severe dengue to secondary facility

28
Q

Prevention of dengue

A

Wear long sleeved clothes
Insect repellent
Remove soruces of breeding sites

29
Q

Complications of dengue

A

Dengue haemorrhagic fever
DIC
Dengue shock sundreom
Severe organ involvement eg cardiac failure, liver impairment

30
Q

Effects of dengue in pregnancy

A

Death of foetus
Low BW
Prematurity

30
Q

Effects of dengue in pregnancy

A

Death of foetus
Low BW
Prematurity

Reproductive Health (69 decks)

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