Demography- Birth Fertility and Family size Flashcards
What are the trends in birth rates?
Since 1900, most of the change in population has been a result of natural changes e.g. births and deaths
-The population in the Uk rse between 38.3 mill in 1901 to 66 mill in 2017
-Since 1900 a continuing fall in death rates, coupled with a falling birth rate slowing down natural population growth compared to that in 1800s
What is birth rates?
The number of live births per 1000 of the population per year
What is general fertility rates?
The number of live births per 1000 women of childbearing age 15-44 per year
What is total fertility rates?
The average number of children women will have during childbearing years
What are the 7 reasons for a decline in birth rate/family size?
-The changing position of women
-Decline in compulsory education
-Changing values
-Contraception
-Geographically mobile labour force
-Decline in infant mortality
-Cost of children
Decline in BR- The changing position of women?
-Women have jobs so don’t have time
-Equality to men
-Less desire to be pregnant, just focusing on jobs
-Women after 40’s birth rates have quadrupled
Decline in BR- Decline in compulsory education?
-More focus on education, before education children helping out
-Bar of unemployment children under the age of 18 had compulsory education in 1880’s
Decline in BR- Changing values?
Women’s values have changed
More to life than motherhood
Couples more reluctant
Decline in BR- Contraception?
-More safer contraception
-More choice e.g. abortion
-Family planning
-Declining influence on the church
Decline in BR- Geographically mobile labour force?
-Increased due to work being more accessible and traveling for work has become more common, people are told to keep family small to travel
Decline in BR- Decline in infant mortality?
In 1940 parents were unsure if children would outlive them
-Better hospitals, adults don’t have as many childrens as the ones they have now are likely to survive
Decline in BR- The cost of children?
-Family’s have less children due to money security
-Average cost is £271,000 to have a baby
-58% of family’s states the reason for not having more children is due to money
Wilkinson- what is the genderquake?
The changing attitudes of females since 1980’s
-More career driven
-Feminists
-Social policy like equal pay act and opportunity acts
-High divorce rates mean women may want family’s with other partners
-Having children later (35+)
Immigration and birth rates?
More people in the country meaning birth rates increase as their are more people
Family size may increase of immigrants have family over country
-Culture and baby limits
Consequence of decreasing birth rates and family life?
Parent and children= closer as more attention
Men and women= healthy relationship, tension as one may want a child and other doesn’t
Elderly relatives= sadness as they may want generation to be passed on
