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Conditions - Psychiatry > Dementia > Flashcards

Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common causes of dementia? (5)

A 
Alzheimer's (50%)
Vascular (25%)
Mix of the above (15%)
Lewy Body (5%)
Others (5%)
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2
Q

What is the mean onset age of alzheimers?

A

70 Years Old

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of temporo-parietal dementia? (3)

A
  • Early memory disturbance
  • Language and visuospatial problems
  • Personality is preserved until later
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4
Q

What are the symptoms of Lewy Body Dementia? (5)

A
  • Dementia
  • 2 of 3 of the lewy triad
  • Suggestive symtpoms
  • Falls
  • Unlikely to be dementia with stroke / other neurological conditions.
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5
Q

What are the lewy triad symptoms of dementia?

A

Two symptoms = Probable
One symptom = Possible

1) Fluctuation of state [important]
2) Visual Hallucination
3) Parkinsonisms

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6
Q

What are Parkinsonisms? (4)

A

Bradykinesia
Tremor
Rigidity
Postural Instability

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7
Q

What are suggestive symptoms of dementia?

A
  • REM Sleep Disorder
  • Severe antipsychotics sensitivity
  • Abnormal DaT scan
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8
Q

Why do we not give antipsychotics to people with parkinsons?

A

Blocking of dopaminergic D2 receptors can induce extrapyramidal symptoms and dyskinesia.

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Frontotemporal Dementia? (8)

A
  • Early change in personality / behavious
  • Change in eating habits
  • Early dysphasia
  • Memory relatively preserved
  • Speech disorder
  • Frontal dysexecutive syndrome
  • Abnormal frontotemporal lobes (in imaging)
  • Neurological signs absent
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10
Q

What is frontal dysexecutive syndrome described as?

A

“Having a library without a librarian”

(lack of frontal function like planning and socialising)

Memory, praxis and visuospatial function preserved

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11
Q

What are some symptoms of speech disorder associated with dementia? (5)

A

1) Altered output (Aphasia)
2) Stereotypy (repitition)
3) Echolalia (parrot behaviour)
4) Perseveration (repetition)
5) Mutism

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12
Q

What is the ABCD of Dementia?

A

A - Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
B - Behavioural and Psychiatric Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)
C - Cognitive impairment and low mood
D - Decline

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13
Q

What are the COGNITIVE features of Dementia? (7)

A

Poor memory AND one (or more) of the following:

  • Dysphasia
  • Dyspraxia
  • Dysgnosia
  • Dysexecutive Functioninf
  • Functional Decline (ADLs)
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14
Q

What is dysphasia?

A

Inability to appropriately communicate.

can be BOTH expressive or receptive

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15
Q

What is Dyspraxia?

A

Reduced motor skills

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16
Q

What is dysgnosia?

A

Inability to recognise objects

17
Q

What is ADL?

A

Activity of Daily Living

18
Q

What cognitive testing can we conduct on a patient suspected of having dementia? (2)

A

MMSE

MOCA

19
Q

What do we give to treat mild to moderate Senile Dementia of Alzheimer’s Type (SDAT)?

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

AChEi

20
Q

What drug do we use to treat Lewy Body dementia?

A

Rivastigmine

21
Q

What type of dementia is treated with MEMANTINE?

A

ALZHEIMER’S type senile dementia (SDAT)

22
Q

How do AChEi drugs help dementia?

A

Only help non-cognitive symptoms, it does NOT stop disease progression.

23
Q

What are non-cognitive symptoms of dementia? (4)

A

Bradycardia
Syncope
Gastric Ulcer
Respiratory Problems

24
Q

What are the side-effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors? (5)

A
  • N & V
  • Diarrhoea
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle cramps
  • Headaches
  • Dizziness
25
Q

List 3 antipsychotics:

A

Risperidone

Quetiapine

Amisulpride

26
Q

List 3 common antidepressants:

A

Venlafaxine (SNRI)

Sertraline (SSRI)

Bupropion (NDRI)

27
Q

List a common Anxiolytic:

A

Lorazepam

28
Q

List 3 hypnotics:

A

Zolpidem

Zopliclone

Clonazepam

29
Q

List 2 Anticonvulstants:

A

Valproate

Carbamazepine

30
Q

What are neuroleptics?

A

Anti-psychotics

31
Q

What are some side-effects of antipsychotics?

A

Stroke

Death

(that’s why we start slow, go slow and review and stop)

32
Q

What happens to driving capabilities if diagnosed with dementia? (3)

A
  • Notify DVLA of diagnosis
  • If caught early, licence may be on yearly renewal cycle
  • lack of insight, memory loss and disorientation = NO DRIVING
33
Q

What is AMCUR? (think capacity)

A

Can the dementia patient:

1) Act
2) Make
3) Communicate
4) Understand
5) Retention memory

Conditions - Psychiatry (21 decks)

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