Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
What are the 3 models of Stress?
- Biomechanical “engineering”
- Medicophysiologicals
- Psychological / Transactional
What are the 2 main focuses of coping?
- Problem Focused
- Emotion Focused
What is problem focused coping?
Efforts are directed towards modifying the stressor.
i.e. preparation or interview practice for med school application
What is emotion focused coping?
Modification of the emotional reaction.
This one relates to “defence mechanisms”
and sedative drug problems.
What are the symptom groups of anxiety? “flight or fight responses”
(5)
1) Physiological Arousal
2) Autonomic Arousal
3) Muscle Tension
4) Hyperventilation
5) Sleep Disturbance
What constitutes to physiological arousal reactions to stress? (5)
- Fearful Anticipation
- Irritability
- Sensitivity to noise
- Poor concentration
- Worrying thoughts
What constitutes to autonomic arousal reaction to stress? (5)
- GI (N+V)
- Resp (tight chest)
- Cardio (MI symptoms)
- Genitourinary (micturation)
- CNS (dizziness)
Give examples of muscle tension symptoms of anxiety. (3)
Tremor
Headache
Muscle Pain
Give side effects of the hyperventilation symptoms of anxiety. (3)
Hypocapneoa (CO2 deficit)
Breathlessness
Tingling in extremities
What constitutes as symptoms relating to sleep disturbance? (3)
Initial insomnia
Frequent waking
Nightmares / terrors
Name the 3 most common phobias.
Agoraphobia
Social Phobia
Specific (isolated) Phobias
What is Generalised Anxiety Disorder? (GAD)
Perisitent symptoms for several months, with no direct trigger.
What are some psychiatric differentials to anxiety? (4)
- Depression
- Schizophrenia
- Demantia
- Substance misuse
What are some medical differentials to anxiety? (5)
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Phaeochromocytoma
- Hypoglycaemia
- Asthma
- Arrythmia
What gender is most likely to be affected by anxiety?
Females
How do we manage GAD?
CBT
What is social phobia?
Inappropriate anxiety in situations where a person feels observed or criticised.
How do we manage social phobia?
CBT
Education and Advice
SSRI
What is OCD?
Obsessional thoughts.
Occurring repeatedly and not willed.
What is the aetiology of OCD? (3)
- M=F
- 2% prevalence
- 5HT function abnormalities (genetic)
How do we manage OCD? (5)
- Treat depression
- General Measures
- Serotonic drugs ( i.e. fluoxetine or clomipramine)
- CBT
- Psychosurgery ?
What is PTSD? (medical definition)
Delayed and or protracted reaction to a stressor of exceptional severity.
What are the key symptoms to the reaction in PTSD? (3)
1) Hyperarousal
2) Re-experience phenomena
3) Avoidance of reminders
What is hyperarousal? (4)
Persistent Anxiety
Irritability
Insomnia
Poor concentration
What is Re-exeprience phenomena? (2)
Intrusive images:
1) Flashbacks when awake
2) Nightmares during sleep
What are some signs of avoidance? (4)
1) Emotional Numbness
2) Cue Avoidance
3) Recall Difficulties
4) Anhedonia
What gender is most likely to suffer from PTSD?
Women
2:1 ratio
How do we manage PTSD? (6)
- Follow NICE guidelines
- Screening of disaster survivors
- “watchful waiting”
- Trauma focused CBT
- Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing
- NO SEDATIVES (risk of high dependency). Try SSRIs or TCAs
