Deformatii Toracice Flashcards

1
Q

Toracele in butoi

A

= emfizematos
- deformare toracica bilaterala simetrica
-> emfizem pulmonar, BPOC tip emfizematos

Se acumuleaza aer in exces in alveole:
1. crestere diametru transvers (devine egal sau mai mare decat cel anteroposterior) + marire unghi epigastric peste 90•
2. orizontalizare coaste
3. largire spatii intercostale
4. bombare fose supra si subclaviculare, suprasternale => aspect de gat scurt si proeminenta sternului
=> dispnee, aspect de torace in inspiratie fortata

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2
Q

Torace astenic (paralitic)

A
  • deformatie toracica bilaterala simetrica
  • apare congenital sau dobandit in afectiuni grave, consumptive (TBC, cancer bronhopulmonar, neoplazii digestive avansate)

Hipotrofie a masei musculare:
1. Diametrul anteropost micsorat
2. Unghi epigastric ascutit
3. Gat lung
4. Omoplati vizibili (parca desprinsi de torace)
5. Coaste vizibile
6. Stern turtit, infundat, alungit
7. Fosele supraclaviculare si suprasternale adancite, bine vizibile

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3
Q

Torace conoid

A
  • deformatie toracica bilaterala simetrica

Crestere in volum a abdomenului mai ales prin ascita sau hepatomegalii gigante la copii in tezaurismoze si leucemii acute, iar la varstnici in obezitate abdminala

  • baza dilatata
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4
Q

Torace adenopatic

A
  • deformare toracica bilaterala simetrica
  • crescut in dimensiuni in portiunea superioara, frecvent consecinta unor formatiuni tumorale din mediastinul superior ( adenopatii, timoame)
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5
Q

Torace de patofar

A
  • deformare toracica bilaterala simetrica
  • cu partea inf a sternului retrasa in interiorul cutiei toracice (infundibuliform)
  • poate fi congenital (sdr Marfan) sau dobandit prin compresiune (la pantofi) sau prin retractie in pleuropericardita cronica (sdr Wenckenbach)
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6
Q

Toracele rahitic si in carena

A
  • deformare toracica biaterala simetrica
  • apare in rahitismul instalat devreme in copilarie, se caracterizeaza prin prezenta de matanii costale (nodozitati la niv articulatiilor contro-sternale), a santului Harrison (depresiune liniara la niv coastelor inferioare), proeminenta sternului si turtirea lat a coastelor
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7
Q

Deformatii toracice bilaterale simetrice

A
  1. Torace in butoi (emfizematos)
  2. Astenic (paralitic)
  3. Conoid
  4. Adenopatic
  5. De pantofar
  6. Rahitic si in carena
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8
Q

Deformatii toracica bilaterale asimetrice

A
  1. Cifotic
  2. Lordotic
  3. Scoliotic
  4. Cifoscolioza
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9
Q

Toracele cifotic

A
  • dermare toracica bilaterala asimetrica
  • se dat unei devieri a coloanej vertebrale toracice in plan sagital prin exagerarea curburilor fiziologice ale coloanei vertebrale
  • apar in:
    1. morbul lui Pott (tuberculoza vertebrala), cu distrugerea unor vertebre si inclinarea trunchiului in fata (gibus)
    2. Cifoza juvenila cu localizare mai alea la vertebrele toracice (epifiza Schauermann)
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10
Q

Toracele lordotic

A
  • deformare toracica bilaterala asim
  • cu convexitate ant apare mai ales la femeile ce poarta incaltaminte cu toc inalt, iar patologic in osteoporoza cu tasari vertebrale, posttraumatice
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11
Q

Torace scoliotic

A
  • dermare toracica bilaterala asimetrica
  • se datoreaza unei devieri a coloanei vertebrale in plan frontal, cu rotirea coastelor in parte conveza
  • in rahitism, poliomielita, dupa traumatismele coloanei vertebrale si la persoanele cu mers schipatat ( scurtarea unui membru congenital sau posttraumatic)
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12
Q

Cifoscolioza

A
  • dermare toracica bilaterala asimetrica
  • se intalneste mai frecvent in sdr Marfan si la persoanele longiline
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13
Q

Deformatiile toracice unilat (asimetrice)

A
  1. Retractii toracice
  2. Bombari toracice
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14
Q

Retractii toracice

A
  1. Pacientii cu torace astenic si pahiplehrita extinsa post TBC
  2. Cicatrici postoperatorii vindecate vicios
  3. Atelectazie
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15
Q

Bombari toracice

A
  1. Copii cu pleurezii masive
  2. Pneumotorace
  3. Mai rar la persoanele adulte cu tumori bronhopulmonare gigante
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