Decalcification

Question 1

widely used agents for routine decalcification

Answer 1

acid decalcifying agents

Question 2

most common and fastest decalcifying agent?

recommended concn? range

Answer 2

nitric acid

5-10%

Question 3

hastens decalcification by removing Ca ions from formic acid-containing decalcifying solns?
not recommended for fluids containing mineral acids such as? (2)

Answer 3

ion exchange resins

nitric acid and HCl

Question 4

___ will serve to hasten decalcification

Answer 4

heat

Question 5

Ca may bre removed by (4)

Answer 5

acid
chelating agents
ion exchange resins
electrophoresis

Question 6

recommended for routine purposes to detect the presence of Ca in the decalcifying soln

Answer 6

chemical method/ Ca oxalate test

Question 7

produre which Ca and lime salts are removed from tissue

Answer 7

decalcification

Question 8

process which (+) charged Ca ions are attracted to a (-) electrode a d subsequently removed from the decalcifying soln

Answer 8

electrophoresis

Question 9

recommended ratio of fluid to tissue vol for decalcification

Answer 9

20:1

Question 10

very expensive but most ideal and reliable method of det the extent of decalcification?
NOT recommended for ___-fixed tissue?

Answer 10

x-ray or radiological method

hgcl

Question 10

post decalcification for frozen section? temp?

Answer 10

wash in water or store in formol saline w/ 15% sucrose at 4 C

Question 11

recommended temp for decalcification?

range?

Answer 11

room temp (18-30 C)

Question 12

ideal time required for decalcifying tissue?

for dense bone tissue?

Answer 12

24-48 hrs

14 days

Question 13

test done by touching or bending the tissue with fingers to det the consistency of tissue?
alternate method?

Answer 13

physical/mechanical test

pricking the tissue with fine needle or a probe

Question 14

recommended for teeth and small pieces of bone (any of the 2)

Answer 14

von ebner’s fluid

formic acid

Question 16

chemical test is performed on?
vol?
added to neutralize the fluid?
color of litmus paper?
this indicates that there is still Ca?

Answer 16

discarded fluid
5 mL
strong ammonia
red to blue
cloudy

Question 17

recommended for routine decalcification of post mortem research studies?
addition of ___ will accelerate decalcification?

Answer 17

formic acid

citrate

Question 18

this is added after neutralization when the soln is still clear?
how long?
tap water may result into false +/- ?

Answer 18

0.5 mL of saturated aqueos soln of ammonium oxalate
30 mins
false postive

Question 19

after decalcification, tissue is immersed in? any of the 2
other method for post decalcification?
how long for small specimens?
larger specimens?

Answer 19

saturated lithium carbonate soln/5-10% aqueos Na bicarbonate soln for several hrs
water rinsing/runningwater
30 mins
1-4 hrs

Question 20

can be used both fixative and decalcifying agent? (2)

Answer 20

formic acid

chromic acid/flemmings fluid

Question 21

what to do when the tissue is decalcified in EDTA?

whatll form if directly placed to dehydrating agent?

Answer 21

store in formol saline overnight

residual EDTA to presipitate

Question 22

thickness of ion exchange resin spread over the bottom of container?

Answer 22

1/2 inch

Question 22

tissue will undergo complete digestion within 24-48 hrs at wgat temp

Answer 22

55 C

Question 23

most common chelating agent?
comercial name?
recommended pH?

Answer 23

EDTA
versene
7-7.4

Question 24

procedure should be done after fixation and before impregantion

Answer 24

decalcification

Question 26

very weak decalcifying soln suitable only for minute pieces of bone

Answer 26

sulfurous acid

Question 27

most rapid decalcifying agent and is recommended for urgent works

Answer 27

phloroglucin-nitric acid