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Department Bulletins > DB 19-13 Reducing Occuptional Exposures to Fireground Contaminants and Carcinogens > Flashcards

DB 19-13 Reducing Occuptional Exposures to Fireground Contaminants and Carcinogens Flashcards

1
Q

Cancer is one of the most dangerous threats to the health and safety of firefighters ___.

A

nationally

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2
Q

This Departmental Bulletin encapsulates the Department’s efforts in addressing this ___.

A

acute health concern

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3
Q

Objectives:

Embrace a __ culture regarding contamination and exposure reduction

A

clean

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4
Q

Objectives:

Reduce _-__ cases of cancer

A

duty-related

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5
Q

Objectives:

Educate members and share information of health ___ to firefighters

A

threats

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6
Q

Objectives:

Improve on-scene environmental ___ and on-scene post-incident personal ___.

A

1) monitoring

2) decontamination

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7
Q

Objectives:

Develop ___ and ___ practices to support existing policies, procedures, and tactics.

A

health and safety

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8
Q

Objectives:
Establish Chief Officer, Company Officer, and member responsibilities to eliminate ___ exposures to carcinogens and other harmful contaminants.

A

preventable

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9
Q

Objectives:
Develop an ___ exposure reporting system within the Department’s Injury/Illness Reporting System (IIRS) Program and continue to assess the effectiveness of other exposure reporting systems.

A

internal

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10
Q

International Association of Firefighters Data:
From January 2002 to May 2015, __% of the firefighters on the IAFF Fallen Firefighter Memorial Wall of Honor died from cancer.

A

60%

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11
Q

International Association of Firefighters Data:

The balance of firefighters on the wall died of the following cases: Cardiac __%

A

16%

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12
Q

International Association of Firefighters Data:

The balance of firefighters on the wall died of the following cases: Burns __%

A

12%

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13
Q

International Association of Firefighters Data:

The balance of firefighters on the wall died of the following cases: Collapse __%

A

3%

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14
Q

International Association of Firefighters Data:

The balance of firefighters on the wall died of the following cases: Unknown __%

A

4%

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15
Q

International Association of Firefighters Data:
The balance of firefighters on the wall died of the following cases: Other __% (includes infectious disease, stroke, respiratory arrest, military, aneurysm, crushed, drowning, bleeding, heatstroke and electric shock)

A

5%

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16
Q

International Association of Firefighters Data:
According to the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF), in 2017, __% of all firefighter line of duty deaths were attributable to cancer.

A

74%

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17
Q

According to “Taking Action against Cancer in the Fire Service,” a white paper published in 2013 on the Firefighter Cancer Support Network website, firefighters are statistically at a higher risk for cancer based on credible medical evidence:
Testicular cancer = ___

A

2 times greater risk

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18
Q

According to “Taking Action against Cancer in the Fire Service,” a white paper published in 2013 on the Firefighter Cancer Support Network website, firefighters are statistically at a higher risk for cancer based on credible medical evidence:
Multiple myeloma = ___

A

1.5 times greater risk

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19
Q

According to “Taking Action against Cancer in the Fire Service,” a white paper published in 2013 on the Firefighter Cancer Support Network website, firefighters are statistically at a higher risk for cancer based on credible medical evidence:
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma = ___

A

1.5 times greater risk

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20
Q

According to “Taking Action against Cancer in the Fire Service,” a white paper published in 2013 on the Firefighter Cancer Support Network website, firefighters are statistically at a higher risk for cancer based on credible medical evidence:
Skin cancer = ___

A

1.4 times greater risk

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21
Q

According to “Taking Action against Cancer in the Fire Service,” a white paper published in 2013 on the Firefighter Cancer Support Network website, firefighters are statistically at a higher risk for cancer based on credible medical evidence:
Prostate cancer = ___

A

1.3 times greater risk

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22
Q

According to “Taking Action against Cancer in the Fire Service,” a white paper published in 2013 on the Firefighter Cancer Support Network website, firefighters are statistically at a higher risk for cancer based on credible medical evidence:
Malignant melanoma = ___

A

1.3 times greater risk

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23
Q

According to “Taking Action against Cancer in the Fire Service,” a white paper published in 2013 on the Firefighter Cancer Support Network website, firefighters are statistically at a higher risk for cancer based on credible medical evidence:
Brain cancer = ___

A

1.3 times greater risk

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24
Q

According to “Taking Action against Cancer in the Fire Service,” a white paper published in 2013 on the Firefighter Cancer Support Network website, firefighters are statistically at a higher risk for cancer based on credible medical evidence:
Colon cancer = ___

A

1.2 times greater risk

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25
Q

According to “Taking Action against Cancer in the Fire Service,” a white paper published in 2013 on the Firefighter Cancer Support Network website, firefighters are statistically at a higher risk for cancer based on credible medical evidence:
Leukemia = ___

A

1.14 times greater risk

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26
Q

Routes of Exposure:

The two routes of greatest concern for firefighter exposure to carcinogens are ___ and ___

A

inhalation and absorption

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27
Q

Routes of Exposure:
___ exposure occurs when firefighters do not wear their Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) or remove their SCBA too soon

A

Inhalation

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28
Q

Routes of Exposure:

___ occurs when carcinogens are absorbed through the firefighter’s skin

A

Absorption

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29
Q

Routes of Exposure:

Skin can easily absorb chemicals. Some areas like the ___ are more permeable than others

A

1) face
2) angle of the jaw
3) neck
4) throat
5) groin

30
Q

Routes of Exposure:

Permeability increases with ___

A

temperature

31
Q

Routes of Exposure:

Skin absorption increases by __% for every 5 degree increase in skin temperature.

A

400% for every 5 degree increase in skin temperature

32
Q

Routes of Exposure:

The most permeable piece of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the ___.

A

hood

33
Q

Routes of Exposure:
The hood is designed to protect the head and neck from heat, however, it is not designed to stop skin ___ though the covered areas.

A

absorption

34
Q

Routes of Exposure:

The hood does not offer ___

A

vapor, moisture, or smoke protection.

35
Q

Routes of Exposure:

Due to the potential exposure, firefighter hoods are currently being developed with a ___.

A

moisture/vapor barrier

36
Q

Soot Particles:

Contaminants found on PPE continue to “___”, exposing the wearer and others to carcinogenic toxins.

A

“off gas”

37
Q

Soot Particles:

As PPE remain dirty, the performance of the PPE is ___

A

reduced

38
Q

Soot Particles:

Contaminants in the fabric can wear the outer shell materials down due to ___.

A

micro abrasion

39
Q

Soot Particles:
The engrained contaminants are often ___ based, these products lower the fire resistive qualities of the outer shell, endangering the safety of the firefighter.

A

petrochemical

40
Q

Soot Particles:

___, ___, and ___cancer claims are also increasing due to direct and continual exposures.

A

1) Head
2) Neck
3) Facial

41
Q

Incident and Overhaul Exposures:
Overhaul, rubbish, auto, and “fire out” scenarios can be impact firefighter’s health and safety due to the lack of compliance with ___ protection.

A

respiratory

42
Q

Incident and Overhaul Exposures:
___, it was an acceptable practice to extinguish auto and rubbish fires without the use of the SCBA; overhaul practices were similarly conducted with members working in an environment equaling an Immediately Dangerous to Live and Health (IDLH).

A

Culturally

43
Q

Incident and Overhaul Exposures:
Without the use of the SCBA and environmental monitoring, firefighters are subjected to ___ hazards of unknown chemicals, carcinogens, and gases.

A

inhalation

44
Q

Incident and Overhaul Exposures:

Extensive medical research indicates the health effects due to ___ carbon monoxide (CO) exposure.

A

prolonged

45
Q

Incident and Overhaul Exposures:
CO easily binds with the ___ molecule changing its geometry potentially leading to an increased risk of clotting and neuromuscular disease

A

hemoglobin

  • increased risk of clotting
  • neuromuscular disease
46
Q

Barrier To Implementation:
All members must beware of ___ such as Department culture, tradition, or attitude that may impede the implementation of this policy.

A

barriers

47
Q

Barrier To Implementation:
Focus groups conducted with firefighters who had varied years of experience limited divergent opinions. Researchers observed rookie firefighters being less likely to ___ their opinion in a focus group setting if a senior man was present

A

vocalize

-less likely

48
Q

Firefighters Culture and Peers Play a Role in PPE Compliance:
The fire service culture has many components, among which one of the strongest is firefighter ___.

A

identity

49
Q

Firefighters Culture and Peers Play a Role in PPE Compliance:
The acceptance of group ___norms (e.g., what it means to work as a “real” firefighter) is a far more powerful driver of firefighter behavior than are acknowledged safety standards.

A

cultural

-far more powerful driver of firefighter behavior than are acknowledged safety standards.

50
Q

Firefighters Culture and Peers Play a Role in PPE Compliance:
Our firefighter DNA is made up of genes that include:
FAST = ___
WET = ___
CLOSE = ___

A

1) getting to the fire as quickly as possible.
2) getting water on the fire as quickly as possible
3) getting as close to the seat of the fire as possible when applying the water

51
Q

Firefighters Culture and Peers Play a Role in PPE Compliance:
Belonging to the ___ is another powerful cultural element that leads firefighters to engage in situation aversion.

A

group

52
Q

Firefighters Culture and Peers Play a Role in PPE Compliance:
In situation ___ , firefighters can be led away from making safe choices because those choices are inconvenient or uncomfortable, such as in situations where choosing to be safe and wearing their PPE may invite ridicule and harassment from their peers.

A

aversion

53
Q

Two Tools for Changing Firefighter Behavior Regarding PPE:

1) Support a firefighter’s individual ___

A

will
-When an individual firefighter’s knowledge of occupational risk compels them to comply with PPE use, despite these other pressures, it’s because of their individual will.

54
Q

Two Tools for Changing Firefighter Behavior Regarding PPE:

2) Leading by ___ never goes out of style.

A

example
-Fire department leaders should always wear their PPE when they’re on scene. Firefighters are more inclined to wear their PPE when leaders set a personal example by wearing their own PPE.

55
Q

Two Tools for Changing Firefighter Behavior Regarding PPE:
They found that organizational ___ was a powerful tool for showing that those leaders promote and embrace the organization’s safety policies.

A

solidarity

56
Q

Changing our Fire Service Culture:

The first Firefighter Life Safety Initiative from the Everyone Goes Home program instructs firefighters to “____.”

A

“define and advocate the need for a cultural change within the fire service relating to safety; incorporating leadership, management, supervision, accountability, and personal responsibility.”

57
Q

Changing our Fire Service Culture:
The changes called for in the Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives cannot be successfully implemented or sustained without understanding the ___ within a fire and emergency service organization.

A

culture

58
Q

Changing our Fire Service Culture:

This cultural change includes starts with 100 percent compliance for ___

A

PPE use when required.

59
Q

Safety Measures Already in Place:

A

LAFD Managed PPE Program
Annual FIT Test Procedures
PPE professional cleaning and inspection by a qualified Independent Service Provider (ISP)
Department-supported annual medicals
Post Structure Fire Decontamination Procedure, Training Bulletin 175
Keck School of Medicine of USC Screening for Skin Cancer
Extractor washing equipment
Post incident personal wipes
Plymovent diesel exhaust capturing systems
Injury reporting system
No Smoking and No Tobacco Use Policy

60
Q

Safety Measures to be Implemented:

A

Two sets of PPE per member (in progress)
PPE gear bags to prevent contamination
Better quality firefighting hoods (being tested)
Video roll-out for new overhaul protocol
Safety Stand Down / Cancer Awareness and Prevention
Early indoctrination in the Drill Tower
Fitness bonus in sworn members MOU’s
Evaluation of Firefighter Decon Unit at FS 81

61
Q

All Members Shall:

Always use SCBA when carbon monoxide has been ___, including when operating at vehicle fires and during overhaul.

A

detected

62
Q

All Members Shall:

Minimize cross-contamination by not storing gear bag in ___ or ___

A

vehicle or home

63
Q

All Members Shall:

___ upon returning to quarters after a working fire and prior to leaving the fire station after shift.

A

Shower

64
Q

All Members Shall:

Cleanse ___ surfaces inside of apparatus daily.

A

hard

-daily

65
Q

All Members Shall:

Remove surface contamination and wash SCBAs and other contaminated equipment using ___ and ___ following a working fire

A

soap and water

66
Q

All Members Shall:

Designate, maintain, and strictly enforce a “___” in all living areas of the fire station.

A

“no PPE zone”

67
Q

All Members Shall:

Wash work boots if worn at a ___.

A

working fire.

68
Q

All Members Shall:
Maintain clean PPE by washing the inside liner of helmet with ___ and ___, rinse off contaminated gear ___ following a working fire and ___ inspect and clean fireground contaminated PPE.

A

1) soap and water
2) on-scene
3) regularly

69
Q

All Members Shall:

___ hands after every response and both before and after using the bathroom.

A

Sanitize

70
Q

All Members Shall:

Ensure ___ capture systems are in proper working order and used.

A

diesel exhaust

71
Q

Firefighting is a hazardous job and it is impossible to eliminate all of the hazards faced by firefighters on a daily basis; however, these hazards can be ___.

A

managed

72
Q

Questions regarding this Department Bulletin should be directed to the ___ at (213) 482-6933.

A

Risk Management Section

Department Bulletins (45 decks)

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