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BIOMED - KIM VIDEOS > DAY9 > Flashcards

DAY9 Flashcards

1
Q

most immediate life threatening emergency?

  1. cough and green mucus
  2. cough and fever, chills, night sweats, chest pain with deep breath or cough
  3. cough and wheezing, SOB, unintentional weight loss
  4. cough and pink frothy sputum, SOB, noisy, bubbly bbreathing
A
  1. is pulmonary edema and the most immediate emergency
  2. bronchitis
  3. TB
  4. lung cancer
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2
Q

postural hyptension, orthstasis, head rush, dizzy spell, best time to check?

A

after standing 3 minutes

decline of >20mmhg in systolic or >=10 mmhg in diastolic after 3 minutes of standing

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3
Q

if a victim remain unresponsive….

A

diall 911 and start CPR

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4
Q

treatment of type 1 DM.. exception

  1. insulin replacemtn
  2. exercise
  3. healthy diet
  4. surgery
A

surgery..
Type 1 DM is not producing insulin
Type 2 secretion is inadequate..

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5
Q

increase temperature, increase heart rate, increase breathing, decreased blood pressure, muscle cramps headache, unexplained tiredness…

A

dehydration

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6
Q

treatments for emphysema..

A

smoking cessation
inhaled bronchodilators (B2 agonist ex albuterol)
corticosteroids
supplemental oxygen

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7
Q

thickening of the nipple and loss of elasticity…

  1. possible breast fibroadenoma
  2. suggests prolactinoma
  3. suggests breast cancer
  4. suggests insufficinet lactation
A

possibly prolactinoma… most likely benign tumor in anterior pituitiary increasing the hormone prolactin

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8
Q

CAD (coronary artery disease) vs CVD (cerebral vascular disease)

A

CAD: narrowing of artery in HT
CVD: stroke (brain)

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9
Q

sign of peripheral artery disease..

  1. pulse present
  2. ankle soreness
  3. intermittent claudication pain
  4. lower leg edema
A
  1. intermittent claudication pain..

lower leg edema is periperhal vascular disease affecting the veins

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10
Q

Hypoglycemia.. HE IS TIRED

A 
HEadache
Irritable Sweating
Tachycardia
Irritible
Restless
Excessive hunger
Dizzy
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11
Q

which muscles are related to the HIP FLEXOR..

  1. iliopsoas
  2. Gluteus maximus
  3. Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
  4. Adductor longus and brevis
A

iliopsoas.. contracting these muscles causes flexing.. also rectus femoris

extension - glueteus maximus
adduction - adductor longus and brevis
abduction gluteus medius and glueteus minimus

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12
Q

common side effect of Egotamine (migraines)…

A
  1. nausea, cold fingers and toes.. (it narrows blood vessels)

myalgia s/e statins
GI bleeding s/e nsaids
tinnitus s/e aspirin
flushing s/e niacin

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13
Q

sign of raynaud’s

A

fingers go from white, blue, red

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14
Q

bruerger’s disease is associated with use of…similar to raynaud’s in that it is diminished blood supply to hands and feet..

A

tobacco. .. (pics of black fingers with cigs)

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15
Q 
which of the following is a generic name...
1. n-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide
2. acetaminophen
3. tylenol
4 panadol
A

acetaminophen is the genric name

  1. chemical
    3 and 4 are brand names
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16
Q

sildenafil (viagra) when used with this other drug increases the risk of potentially life threatening HYPOtension

A

Nitroglycerin.. both vasodilate

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17
Q

elevated triglyceride levels are associated with increased risk of heart disease.. can be a sign of metabolic syndrome.. it is associated with?

  1. pancreatitis
  2. alcoholism
  3. myocardial infarction
  4. malnutrition
A 
it is associated with all of them except malnutriton
Normal is less than 150..
borderline high is 150 to 199
high is 200 to 499
very high is >500
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18
Q

itching bloody nipple discharge with superficial erosion and ulceration

  1. ductal carcinoma (non invasive breast cancer)
  2. invasive ductal carcinoma
  3. invasive lobular carcinoma
  4. paget disease of the nipple
A

paget disease..<1% of breast cancer…redness of nipple, itchy, scaly

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19
Q

most commonly ignored early warning sign of lung cancer…

  1. persistent cough
  2. coughing blood
  3. weight loss and weakness
  4. clubbing of the fingernails
A

most commonly ignored…persistent cough

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20
Q

how to monitor effectiveness of iron therapy…

A

hemoglobin and reticulocyte levels (immature RBC)

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21
Q

adverse effect from salicylate (aspirin) except…

  1. ringing in the ears
  2. gastric ulcers
  3. increase risk of hemorrhagic stroke
  4. myalgia
A

myalgia..this is s/e of statins

ringing in the ears
gastric ulcers inhibits cox1 that is for gastric lining
increase risk of hemorrhagic stroke

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22
Q

corticosteroids are used forinflammation.. if used for a long time and stopped suddenly without a taper…

A

all of the following are adverse effects of corticosteriod long term use..
adrenal insufficiency
osteoporosis
exogenous cushings syndrome
hyperglycemia
increased skin fragility, easy bruising..
stopping with a taper would have the most impact on adrenal insufficiency

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23
Q

early signs of hypertension…

A

headache , spntaneous nosebleeds

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24
Q

sulfonamide is an …

A

antibiotic and has the s/e of sulfa allergies

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25
adverse effect of B3...
facial flusing .. b3 deficiency causes pellagra.. dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
26
parasympathetic (rest and digest) involved in the stimulation of...
pupil constriction... (pin point).. | sympathetic is.. brochodialation, increased heart rate, vasoconstriction.. (fight or flight)
27
communicable disease...
must be reported to the health department
28
NSAIDS work by inhibiting...
the formation of prostaglandins..
29
statins are..
HMG CoA reductase...
30
how does allpuroinal work...
this is for gout.. prevents the production of xanthine oxidase
31
combining Valium with antihistamines have what impact...
increases the central depressive effects.. s/e of antihistamines is drowziness
32
"more of the drug will be required to achieve the same effect in the future" 1. tolerance 2. physical dependane 3. withdrawal symptoms 4. addiciton
tolerance.. the effectiveness of the drug has decreased due to chronic administration.
33
dependant patterns of drug self administration without making a distinction between physical or psychological dependence..
addiction
34
alcohol abuse is associated with all of the following except... 1. flushed face 2. spider veins 3. tremors 4. palmar pallor 5. suicides and violent acts
palmar pallor is not a side effect.. there is more redness in the body
35
permissible for a doctor to breach patient confidentiality..
concern for the safetyof other specific persons and with certain communicable disease
36
``` excessive use of cortiocosteroids can cause any of the follwing except.. moon face, buffalo hump hirsutism, easy bruising obesity. abdominal striae exophthalmos, goiter ```
exophthalmos, goiter is from grave's disease.. hyperthyroidism
37
boas's sign is located....
right scapula.. the phrenic nerve C3 C4 C5, goes to the diaphragm .. if GB is irritated that there will be a radiating pain to the shoulder area...
38
median nerve which is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome innervates.. except.. 1. Palmar aspect of the distal thumb 2. palmar aspect of the index 3. palmar aspect of the middle finger 4. dorsal aspect of the distal middle finger 5. palmar aspect of the little finger..
it does not include the little finger
39
normal adult mouths had how man permanent teeth..
32... | deciduous teeth is 20
40
transient ischemi attack (TIA) .. short lived or mini stroke.. in less than 60 minutes the symptoms are gone.. the least common symptom is... 1. temporary loss of vision 2. difficulty speaking 3. weakness of one side of the body 4. numbness and tingling 5. impairment of consciousness
1. amaurosis fugax 2. aphasia 3. hemparesis 4. parasthesis.. 5 is the exception
41
"curtain coming down vertically into thefield of vision in one eye"
amaurosis fugax (TIA) cataracts.. clouded lens glaucomo - open and closed angle retinal disorders - problem with nerve in the back of the eye macular degeneration - disease that destroys sharp and central vison (will start to complain of only seeing peripherally)
42
medical emergency that requires prompt advance life support...
V-fibrillation... this is the bottom part of the heart..they can flat line A fibirillation - top part of the heart and is hasty pulse ventricular tachycardia.. not treatment first degree AV block.. between atrium and ventricular.. not treatment
43
electrical impulses move through AV node slower than normal. Heart rate and rhythm are normal. No treatment is generally needed.
first degree AV block... 2nd degree.. may need pacemaker wenchebach 2nd degree.. type 2 mobitz III 3rd degree... pace maker impulses move.. SA node.. AV node.. bundle of hiss.. septum
44
tobacco smoking can cause...
lung cancer, bladder cancer, coronary artery disease, spontaneous abortion... BUT not seizures
45
spinal disc herniation pain is worsened from...
coughing and sneezing
46
``` screening exam for a female over 50... exception.. general check up every year mammogram every other year pap smear every three years abdomina CT scan every year ```
no abdominal CT scan.. this is a lot of radiation..
47
symptomps of otitis externa (swimmers ear)...
ear pain, foul smelling discharge, itching and irritation around ear canal.. an inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal.. similar to otitis media and called an earache.. most commonly caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphyloccoccus aureus
48
structure of the ear from internal to external...
semicircular canal and cochlea.. inner eardrum and malleus and incus.. middle ear canal ... outer
49
test for thoraci outlet syndrome...raise arm, turn head and check pulse
Adson's test.. Apley's scratch test.. ROM Drop arm test rotator cuff speeds test .. beceps tendonitis
50
``` rotator cuff test... speeds test empty can test drop arm test lift off test ```
speeds test is for biceps tendoinitis empty can test is for supraspinatus drop arm test.. patient required to lower arm slowly without pain lift off test.. similar to appleys test but for internal rotation
51
arm is flexed at elbow, supine, practioner bends arm with patient resisting.. pain is felt...
biceps tendon.. speeds test (also yergason's test)
52
de quervain syndrom (pain on the tendons of the thumb side of the wrist)
finkelstein test..with thumb and ulnar and deviates the hand sharply)
53
carpal tunnel syndrome tests...
prayer test (reverse phalen), phalen test, tinels test
54
test for sciatic nerve compression...
straight leg raising test (lasegue's test) FABRE/Patrick - hip joint obers test - IT band lachman's test - ACL
55
trendelenburg's test - pushing leg out from the body...
test the gluteus medius which abducts the leg
56
Patricks test ?FABERE test...
``` used to assess pathology of the sacroiliac and hip joint, expecially for osteoarthritis of the hip Flexion AB duction External Rotation Extension ```
57
test to examine the length of the muscles involved in hip fexion...
Thomas test...
58
most accurate test for ACL stability..
Lachman's test.. hold leg above and below and pull.. a soft endpoint is positive
59
tests for tears in the meniscus of the knee...
mcmurray's test.. also valgus and varus test..valgus is for medial meniscus, varus is for lateral meniscus
60
characteristics of urine in a patient with Diabetes INSIPIDUS
diluted urine.. DIABETES INSIPIDUS.. imbalance of water and urine.. cause by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland..
61
central diabetes insipidus involves a deficiency of..
VASOPRESSIN.. antidiuretic hormone ADN, fucntions are retain water in the body and constrict blood vessel..so the drink alot and pee alot
62
hamstring muscle is...
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembransous.. Rectus femoris is the quad
63
quadricep muscles...
rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis...
64
most common fracture in a child is...
greenstick fracture.. because the bones of a child are more likely to bend then break the fracture is not complete..
65
suspected infant abuse is confimed with a..
skeletal survey
66
treatment for allergic reaction or anaphylaxis..
IM epinephrine, histamine blocker, steroid
67
2nd degree burns are characterised by...
red wet painful blisters... | 4 th degree there is no pain because of the depth of the burn into the epitherlial layers
68
pink eye is..
viral conjuctivitis. and no treatment.. allergic conjunctivitis.. topical antihistamine bacterila conjunctivitis.. antibiotics chemical conjunctivitis.. irrigation
69
modaility for carotid stenosis and deep vein thrombosis...
duplex ultrasound ... looks at blood vessels.. | NOT CT, MRI, ULTRASOUND
70
radiology used for AAA, appendicitis, gallstones, scrotal pathology, pregnancy...
ultrasound.. | Kidney stones use CT scan other wise uric acid stones will not show up
71
modality for esophageal obstruction..
barium swallow..
72
modality for brain/spinal tumor/infection, joint imaging, MS, osteomyelitis and spinal fracture..
MRI
73
radiology for head trauma, intracranial bleed, and nephrolithiasis..
CT scan without contrast.. (only way uric acid KD stones show up)
74
conductive hearing loss.. outer and middle ear...
cerumen impaciton, otitis externa, tumor or mass..
75
sensorinueral hearing loss..inner ear
otitis media, barotrauma perforation of the typanic membrane, presbycusis, drug induced
76
weber and rinne test...determine if conductive or sensorinural (inner ear) hearing loss...
by comparing air conduction to bone conduction..
77
incorrect match.. | macule = flat
large cicumscribed solid located deep in tissue is a tumor.. pustule is circumscribed, elevated, purulent.. flat >.5 patch elevated >.5 plaque elevated, fluid filled >.5 bullae
78
hypertension..
grade 1 140 to 159/90 to 99 grade 2 160 to 179/100 to 109 grade 3 >180/>110
79
what lowers LDL and increases HDL (YEAH)
niacin (nicotinic acid) statin lower ldl cholesterol absorpiton inhibitors lower ldl fibrates lower triglycerides bie acid binding resins lower ldl
80
hypothermia is ...
core body temperature <95 degrees.. normal is 98.6
81
DKA... ketoacidosis is a complication of...
TYPE 1 DM.. Type 2 complication.. hyperglycemi hyperosmolar state
82
euthanasia is legal in...
is not legal anyway.. physician assisted suicide is legal in some states.. Washington for example
83
GERD is lower esophaheal sphincter weakness .. rsik factors are..
alcohol, caffeine, chocolate..these decrease tone.. increased pressure comes from hiatal hernia, obesity, collagen vascular disease, pregnancy
84
crohn's disease vs ulerative colitis.. (both are inflammatroy bowel disease)...
crohn's ... skip lesion...involves ileum.. nonbloody.. ulcerative colitis... involves the rectum.. bloody diarrhea.. continuous, unifor involvement with a lead pipe appearnce on imaging
85
lower GI bleeding vs Upper GI bleeding..
diverticulosis... UGI.. peptic ulcer disease.. varices (from cihrosis of liver)...mallory-weiss syndrome (excessive vomiting) IMPORTANT: ligament of treitz divide upper and lower
86
usually lower GI bleed but possibly severe upper GI Bleed...
heatochezia.. blood in the stool.. usually bright red and from lower GI bleed (hemmorhoids) but can come from upper GI bleed (above the ligament of treitz.. melena.. tarry black stool.. lower.. hematemesis is vomiting blood.. hematuria - blood in urine..
87
most common cause of cirrhosis in US...
alcohol abuse..
88
cirrhosis symptom is caused by portal hypertension...
liver cell dysfunction and portal hypertension (from cirrhosis)... LV cell dysfunction.. spider angioma, gynecomastia, ascites.. Portal hypertension.. caput medusa (vein enlargement, esophageal varices, splenomegaly...
89
``` factors that cause increases homocysteine and increased methylmalonic acid (MMA).... 1 . folate deficiency 2. B12 deficiency 3. Iron deficiency anemia 4. thalassemia ```
folate deficincy.. normal MMA B12 deficiency... increased homocysteine and MMA Macrocytic anemia is increased homocyteine..
90
risk factor for renal cell carcinoma...
cigarette smoking.. (renal cell and bladder) | cervical cancer HPV infection first and then smoking also...
91
tumor markers for ovarian cancer...
CA125.. CA 19-9 pancreatic CEA GI cancer, colon AFP LV cancer, testicular PSA prostate cancer
92
diagnosis for eating non nutritive non food substances...
PICA
93
temporary amnesia for one's own identity.. and last for hours to days.. also sudden expected travel... wakes up somewhere far from home..
dissociative fugue dissociative identify disorder.. multiple personality disorder previously..
94
using lithium what organs must be monitored...
renal thyroid..
95
narrow therapuetic index...
a narrow margin over or under will cause side effects... ex. Lithium
96
barking cough...
croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) - viral infection - wind pipe has a swollen airway.. pertussis.. whooping cough...
97
lead to life threatening airway obstruction...
CN10 - epiglottitis... bacterial infection, inflammation of epiglotis
98
mutation of the CFTR gene..
cystic fibrosis.. long term issues.. difficutly breathing, coughing up mucous, lung infections..
99
phagocytes for internal parasites...
parasites.. EOSINOPHIL... neutrophil - most prominent.. bacteria, fungi, some viruses lymphocytes - bcells and tcells monocytes - ingest bacteria eosinophils - basophils - histamine and heparin reactions
100
most common benign breast disorders...
``` fibrocystic changes..med to moderate pain in brest +/- lumps.. fibroadenoma.. tumor intraductal papilloma mastitis abscess (complication from mastitis) fat necrosis - firm tender ```
101
most common tumor in mensturating women <25 years of age..
fibroadenoma. . small firm unilateral non tender mass, freely moveable and slow growing.. test: ultrasound.. 30% disappear..

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