DAY8 Flashcards
what is used for screening for oseoporosis
DEXA scan… -1 to -2.5 is ostepenia..
timeline for colon cancer screening with colonoscopy..
every 10years in those over 50
first degree relative has colon cancer then…
screening starts at 40 or 10 years before family member was diagnosed..
pap smear for cervical cancer screening starts..
at age 21 until 75.. every 3 years if normal.. over 30 can combine pap and HPV screening
mammography for breast cancer screening..
every 2 years after age 50
most common cause of death for <1 years old..
congenital malformations
most common cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds..
unintentional injury… (also 1 to 14 year olds, 25 to 34 year olds, 35 to 44 year olds)
most common cause of death for 45 to 64 year olds..
cancer..
most common cause of death >65 year olds
heart disease
sex chromosome disorders of sexual develpment… XXY
klinefelter syndrome.. male with female charcteristics… breast development, tall, long arms, legs
disorder for females… short stature and male characteristics..
turner syndrome… 45, XO
trisomy 21
down’s syndrome
definition of primary disease prevention…
prevent disease occurrence..
the cell cycle…
gap 1 synthesis.. gap2 G1 S G2
cell division
mitosis
the most common site of epistaxis (nose bleeds)
anterior bleed.. less severe, bleeding is visible
posterior epistaxis
more brisk and less common, blood is swallowed and may not be seen
skyla, mirena, paraguard
types of IUD’s…
acute, presents with eye pain, headache, nausea, conjuctival infection, halos around lights, fixed dilated pupils.. most common cause of blindness..
closed angle glaucoma.. contact an ophthalmologist immediately
chronic, gradual loss of periperal vision
open angle glaucoma
shortness of breath on supine, edema of the legs, fatigue, heart is pumping but weaker
CHF, congestive heart failure
non specific, don’t memorized, minutes to hours to react.. immunity type?
innate immunity.. neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, NK cells
adaptive immunity… Tcells and Bcells…
highly specific, slow to react (days)
both b lymphocytes and t lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow but they differ….
b lymphocytes mature in bone marrow - t lymphocytes mature in thymus
b lymphocytes humoral immunity (secretes antibodies) - t lymphocytes cellular immunity
b lymphocytes attact invaders outside the cells - t lymphocytes attack invaders inside the cells
parents can’t stop minors from getting treatment for..
contraception, std’s pregnancy, addiction, emergency, trauma
posterior pituitary produces…
oxytocin and ADH
anterior pituitary produces…
LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH, GH, PROLACTIN
produced by alpha cells on the pancreas….
glucagon… raises the concentation of glucose in the bloodstream
produced by beta cells in the pancreas
insulin.. takes glucose out of the bloodstream
pancreas is both exocrine and endocrine
exocrine..digestive enzyme - endocrine.. alpha, beta, delta
myedema refers to…
thyroid
thyroid storm…
hyperthyroid extreme..
myxedema coma..
hypothyroid extreme..
glans of penis in male is in a female..
clitoris in female
labia … labia minor… clitoris
scrotum… body of penis… glans of penis
diagnosis for BPH..
DRE, PSA, transrectal ultrasonography..cystoscopy will show an enlarged prostate
asthma, hay fever, food, eczema, anaphylaxis
type 1 hypersensitivity… delayed type is type 4 hypersensitivity
occurs in infants and more common in males.. lateral to inferior epigastric artery
INDIRECT inguinal hernia…
DIRECT inguinal hernia.. older man
Hiatal hernia.. diaphragm area
femoral hernia.. female
Hernia strangulation is an emergency situation
what test provides further evidence of possible peptic ulcer..
fecal occult blood test..
carotid atherosclerosis is one of the main risk factors of CVA… sound that can be auscultated on carotid artery..
bruit…
during an acupuncture treatment the patient starts having panic attack with hyperventilation..
respiratory alkalosis..ph >7.4
respiratory acidosis.. hypoventilation.. airway obstruction ph <7.4
a patient suddenly collapse and there is no pulse and breathing cannot be deetected… first thing to do..
call 911
associated with occult blood in the stool..
hemorrhoids, colon cancer, esophagitis…
schilling test?
pernicious anemia with urine
diuretic.. lasix (furosemide) can reult in
hypokalemia.. potassium deficiency