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BIOMED - KIM VIDEOS > DAY8 > Flashcards

DAY8 Flashcards

1
Q

what is used for screening for oseoporosis

A

DEXA scan… -1 to -2.5 is ostepenia..

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2
Q

timeline for colon cancer screening with colonoscopy..

A

every 10years in those over 50

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3
Q

first degree relative has colon cancer then…

A

screening starts at 40 or 10 years before family member was diagnosed..

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4
Q

pap smear for cervical cancer screening starts..

A

at age 21 until 75.. every 3 years if normal.. over 30 can combine pap and HPV screening

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5
Q

mammography for breast cancer screening..

A

every 2 years after age 50

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6
Q

most common cause of death for <1 years old..

A

congenital malformations

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7
Q

most common cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds..

A

unintentional injury… (also 1 to 14 year olds, 25 to 34 year olds, 35 to 44 year olds)

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8
Q

most common cause of death for 45 to 64 year olds..

A

cancer..

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9
Q

most common cause of death >65 year olds

A

heart disease

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10
Q

sex chromosome disorders of sexual develpment… XXY

A

klinefelter syndrome.. male with female charcteristics… breast development, tall, long arms, legs

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11
Q

disorder for females… short stature and male characteristics..

A

turner syndrome… 45, XO

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12
Q

trisomy 21

A

down’s syndrome

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13
Q

definition of primary disease prevention…

A

prevent disease occurrence..

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14
Q

the cell cycle…

A

gap 1 synthesis.. gap2 G1 S G2

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15
Q

cell division

A

mitosis

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16
Q

the most common site of epistaxis (nose bleeds)

A

anterior bleed.. less severe, bleeding is visible

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17
Q

posterior epistaxis

A

more brisk and less common, blood is swallowed and may not be seen

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18
Q

skyla, mirena, paraguard

A

types of IUD’s…

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19
Q

acute, presents with eye pain, headache, nausea, conjuctival infection, halos around lights, fixed dilated pupils.. most common cause of blindness..

A

closed angle glaucoma.. contact an ophthalmologist immediately

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20
Q

chronic, gradual loss of periperal vision

A

open angle glaucoma

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21
Q

shortness of breath on supine, edema of the legs, fatigue, heart is pumping but weaker

A

CHF, congestive heart failure

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22
Q

non specific, don’t memorized, minutes to hours to react.. immunity type?

A

innate immunity.. neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, NK cells

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23
Q

adaptive immunity… Tcells and Bcells…

A

highly specific, slow to react (days)

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24
Q

both b lymphocytes and t lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow but they differ….

A

b lymphocytes mature in bone marrow - t lymphocytes mature in thymus
b lymphocytes humoral immunity (secretes antibodies) - t lymphocytes cellular immunity
b lymphocytes attact invaders outside the cells - t lymphocytes attack invaders inside the cells

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25
Q

parents can’t stop minors from getting treatment for..

A

contraception, std’s pregnancy, addiction, emergency, trauma

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26
Q

posterior pituitary produces…

A

oxytocin and ADH

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27
Q

anterior pituitary produces…

A

LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH, GH, PROLACTIN

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28
Q

produced by alpha cells on the pancreas….

A

glucagon… raises the concentation of glucose in the bloodstream

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29
Q

produced by beta cells in the pancreas

A

insulin.. takes glucose out of the bloodstream

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30
Q

pancreas is both exocrine and endocrine

A

exocrine..digestive enzyme - endocrine.. alpha, beta, delta

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31
Q

myedema refers to…

A

thyroid

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32
Q

thyroid storm…

A

hyperthyroid extreme..

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33
Q

myxedema coma..

A

hypothyroid extreme..

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34
Q

glans of penis in male is in a female..

A

clitoris in female

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35
Q

labia … labia minor… clitoris

A

scrotum… body of penis… glans of penis

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36
Q

diagnosis for BPH..

A

DRE, PSA, transrectal ultrasonography..cystoscopy will show an enlarged prostate

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37
Q

asthma, hay fever, food, eczema, anaphylaxis

A

type 1 hypersensitivity… delayed type is type 4 hypersensitivity

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38
Q

occurs in infants and more common in males.. lateral to inferior epigastric artery

A

INDIRECT inguinal hernia…

DIRECT inguinal hernia.. older man
Hiatal hernia.. diaphragm area
femoral hernia.. female

Hernia strangulation is an emergency situation

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39
Q

what test provides further evidence of possible peptic ulcer..

A

fecal occult blood test..

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40
Q

carotid atherosclerosis is one of the main risk factors of CVA… sound that can be auscultated on carotid artery..

A

bruit…

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41
Q

during an acupuncture treatment the patient starts having panic attack with hyperventilation..

A

respiratory alkalosis..ph >7.4

respiratory acidosis.. hypoventilation.. airway obstruction ph <7.4

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42
Q

a patient suddenly collapse and there is no pulse and breathing cannot be deetected… first thing to do..

A

call 911

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43
Q

associated with occult blood in the stool..

A

hemorrhoids, colon cancer, esophagitis…

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44
Q

schilling test?

A

pernicious anemia with urine

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45
Q

diuretic.. lasix (furosemide) can reult in

A

hypokalemia.. potassium deficiency

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46
Q

brainstem…

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

47
Q

coordinates voluntary movement and balance…

A

Cerebellum.. CNVIII.. vestibulocochlear

48
Q

higher brain function like thought and action

49
Q

limbic system linked to memory

A

hippocampus

50
Q

relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebal cortex..

51
Q

cerebrum supplied by…

A

carotid arteries

52
Q

represents the first step in the filtration of blood and generation of urine..

A

glomerulus…(functional unit in kidneys)

53
Q

proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, edema

A

nephrotic syndrome

54
Q

hematuria, oliguria, hypertension, proteinuria

A

nephritic syndrome

55
Q

cortisol and DHEA are indicators of the ..

A

Adrenals..

56
Q

CPK test is mot often used to SUPPORT the diagnosis of…

A

myocardial infarction..

57
Q

CPK is found in various tissues and cell types…

A

heart, brain, muscles… any muscle injury will show an elevation..

58
Q

most common form of hep

59
Q

soft musculoskeletal mass would best be evaluated by….

A

MRI…brain, joint, rotator cuff…

60
Q

abdominal pain, kidney stones..

61
Q

gall stones, pregnancy..

A

ultrasound

62
Q

breast self examination….

63
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate utilized for…

A

inflammatory processes..

64
Q

when a person faints.. first thing to do…

A

check for responsiveness…

65
Q

chronic cough with blood-containing sputum, fever, night sweats, swollen lymph node, weakness and weight loss..

A

tuberculosis

66
Q

cough with phlegm, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing..

67
Q

left sided CHF… coming from Lungs so there is a back flow to the lungs…

A

pulmonary edema, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

68
Q

right sided CHF…from the body, systemic…

A

hepatomegaly, peripheral edema, jugular venous distention

69
Q

first signal of left sided CHF…

A

difficult or painful breathing…

70
Q

right 2nd intercostal space..listening to the heart?

A

Aortic region..

71
Q

left sided areas for listening to the heart..

A

pulmonic, triscupid, mitral (5th intercostal)

72
Q

grade two heart murmur…

A

faint quiet but hear immediately when placing a stethoscope…

Grade 1.. very faint many be heard in all postions
grade 3.. moderately loud
grade 4.. loud
grade 5.. very loud
grade 6.. loudest possible
73
Q

the patient’s hard copy records belong to …

A

health care providor

74
Q

contents of the patients health records belong to..

75
Q

chlamydia in most prevalent in men…

A

from 20 to 24..(most common bacteria)…

76
Q

chlamydia most prevalent in women…

A

15 to 24.. (most common viral is HPV)

77
Q

75% of cholestoerol is bound to …

A

LDL.. statins lower LDL, fish oil lowers triglycerides..

LDL can penetrate and interact dangerously with the walls of the artery

78
Q

25% of cholesterol is bound to

A

HDL… increase HDL through exercise..removes cholesterol from the walls and return it to the liver for disposal from the body..

79
Q

performing acupunture on a pregnant patient, while needling she complains of sudden abdominal pain nausea, lightheadedness and shoulder pain..

A

CALL 911.. possibly ectopic pregnancy

80
Q

health care providor must act on a patients request for ammendment of his or her medical records..

A

within 60 days..

81
Q

physical exam for thoracic outlet syndrome.. hyperabduct the arm over the head with some extension and evaluate the loss of radial pulse..

A

Wright’s test

82
Q

signs of meningitis..

A

fever, headache, stiff neck, dislike of bright lights, confusion, kernig’s sign , brudzinkis sign

83
Q

adrenal medulla hormones…

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine.. Cateccholamines

84
Q

adrenal insufficency, hyperpigmentation, tired, hypoglycemia

A

addison’s disease (effects adrenal cortex)

85
Q

hormones of the adrenal cortex..

A

aldosterone, cortisol, cortisone, estrogens, testosterone…

86
Q

excessive secretion of aldosterone… hypertension and hypokalemia
headache, or blurry vision, fatigue muscle weakness and cramps, numbness and temporary paralysis

A

Conn’s syndrome

87
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla..

palpatations, headache, hypertension, episodic sweating

A

pheochromocytoma

88
Q

prolonged exposure to endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids (cortisol or cortisone)…

A

cushing syndrome…moon face, buffalo hump, obese, striated abdomen, thinning skin..

89
Q

lipase and amylase are elevated in

A

pancreatitis.. (they are produced in the pancreas)

90
Q

side effects of pyridium phenasopyridine (analgesic for the urinary tract)

A

urine turns orange…

91
Q

renin is release from..

92
Q

ACE is released from …

A

lung and kidney

93
Q

recomendations to prevent bones from breaking in osteoporosis…

A

stop smoking and alcohol..

94
Q

bilateral swelling and tenderness of the fingers for several week, joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings and after inactivity, fatigue, fever, weight loss..

A

RA.. system rpoblem.. auto immune problem.. hand is deformed

95
Q

myelogram is a diagnostic procedure for the..used to find tumor, infection, narrowing,

A

spinal cord

96
Q

urinary pregnanediol

A

progesterone levels.. and indirect way to measure.. it is an inactive product of progesterone.

97
Q

electrocardiogram.. ECG or EKG…

A

Pwave.. QRS comples.. Twave

98
Q

ventricular depolarization (contraction)…

A

QRS complex

99
Q

atrium depolarization (contraction)

100
Q

ventricular repolarization (recovery)

101
Q

increase of ammonia in blood..

A

liver cirrhosis.. LV process ammonia out of the body..

102
Q

pupillary reaction.. CN?

A

CNII is what is coming in… CNIII is what is going out…

103
Q

vaccine available for which hep virus…

A

HEP B and HEP A

104
Q

stomach cancer is confirmed by..

A

endoscopy and biopsy.. the definitive confirmation for cancer is biopsy.

105
Q

parietal cells of the stomach secrete..

A

HCL and intrinsic factor.. this is used in the SI to assist with absorption of B12 .. without this there is pernicous anemia..

106
Q

distinguishing feature of Grave’s disease..

A

bulging eyes..

107
Q

what is the largest and heaviest organ..

108
Q

largest external organ.. and also the largest organ..

109
Q

apex of the heart is located at the ..

A

5th intercostal space.. also listen to the mitral valve here

110
Q

cranial nerve VII

A

facial… expressions, saliva, tears, bells palsy, taste ant 2/3 of tongue

111
Q

deep tendon reflex associated with ankle

112
Q

deep tendon reflex associated with triceps

113
Q

deep tendon reflex associated with knee

114
Q

deep tendon reflex associated with big toe

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