Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOMED - KIM VIDEOS > DAY6 > Flashcards

DAY6 Flashcards

1
Q

what supplements decrease the risk of neural tube defects… ex. Spina Bifida

A

Vit B9, folic acid.. planning preganancy 400mg, with history 4g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is preterm delivery

A

20 to 37 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

classes of teratogens (an agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus)

A

radiation, maternal infections, chemicals, and drugs..

ex. Abdominal CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

FDA drug classification… Class D

  1. no risk in human study
  2. no risk in animal study
  3. high risk but benefits outweigh the risk
  4. Fetal abnormal
  5. indeterminate risk, benefits may outweigh rsik
A

class D is risky but benefits outweight the risk..

Class A is 1
Class B is 2
CLass E is 4
class C is 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pregnant woman with persistent headache or visual disturbances, persistent epigastric pain and hyperreactive reflexes

A

pre-eclampsia.. classified by BP
mild 140/90
severe 160/110
eclampsia includes seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

treatment for eclampsia

A

delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 weeks postpartum, breast pain and redness along with high fever, chills and flu like symptoms. focal breast erythema, swelling and tenderness

A

mastitis. . severe pain… cellutis of glandular tissue in the breast
tx: antibiotics and continue breast feeding to release the pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most common medical complication of pregnancy

A

Diabetes Mellitus.

diagnosed before pregnancy - pregestational
during pregnancy at 26 weeks - gestation.
can result in very large babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mild depressive symptoms that develop within a few days of delivery and resolve within 2 weeks

  1. postpartum blues
  2. postpartum depression
  3. postpartum psychosis
  4. postpartum delusions
A

postpartum blues..common.. tx is zoloft, celexa.. (avoid prozac and paxil during pregnancy)

postpartum depression is a year after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

RhoGAM shot

A

used to prevent an immune response to Rh+ blood in people with an Rh- blood type..

ex. mother and baby…mother is rh- and husband is type O, baby is rh +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bacterial vaginosis vs trichomoniasis vs candida vulvovaginitis

A

fishy odor vs malodorous odor vs no odor
bacteria vs protozoa (STI) vs fungus
grayish white discharge vs yellow green vs white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

female with thin white discharge for 10 day, fishy odor, worse after intercourse, no prior STD, clue cels seen under microscope

A

bacterial vaginosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

female with yellowish green discharge with malodorous odor, pH - 6, flagellated organism under microscope

A

treat patient and sexual partners.. this is a STD trichomoniasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cervical cancer screening…

A

start at 21 or 3 years after sexual activity starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ovulation is represented by

A

surge of FSH and LH hormones..

FSH get a follicule ready for ovulation
LH trigger ovulation, makes the egg release from ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LH is produced in the…

A

anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ovulatary phase includes …

  1. mature egg is released from the ovary
  2. LH surge
  3. FSH surge
  4. progesteron surge
A

all except progesterone surge this happens with the follicle ruptures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

major risk factors for cervical cancer

A

HPV infection, tobacco use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

types of HPV that account for majority of cervical cancer

A

HPV16 and 18

HPV6 and 11 are for warts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

complications of hyperparathyroidism… increase amount OF PTH.. (decreased calcium in bones)

A

OSTEOPOROSIS…

also neophrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, osteopenia, pancreatitis, cardiac valve calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

51 yo female with hot flashes, atrophy of the vagina, osteoporosis, coronary artery disease, sleep disturbances, high levels of FSH..

A

menopause..

Hot flash
Atrophy
Vagina
Osteoporosis
CAD
Sleep disturbances

Increase FSH, LH..derease estrogen, avg age is 51, earlier in smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

loss of urine after increase intra abdominal pressure ex coughing, sneezing, lifting, laughing

  1. total incontinence
  2. stress inconitinence
  3. urge incontinence
  4. overflow incontinence
A

stress incontinence

urge incontinence happens when there is an involuntary loss of urine at inappropriate times , overactive bladder

total incontinence is all times all positions

overflow is from chronic urinary retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

I-PAD

A

meninges… inner.. pia arachnoid dura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

headache started hour agao, vomiting, worst headache of my life, stiff neck

  1. epidural hematoma
  2. subdural hematoma
  3. subarachnoid hemorrhage
  4. intracerebral hemorrhage
A

subarachnoid hemorrhage….

epidural.. trauma, lucid intervals, biconvex lens shape
subdural - elderly, crescent shape
subaracnoid - trauma, berry aneyrysims, abrupt onset, worst headache,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord.. PNS sensory pathways, motor pathways motor pathways somatic and autonomic Autonomic sympathetic, parasympathetic
26
``` spinal nerves: Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccyx ```
``` 8 12 5 5 1 ```
27
characteristics of parasympathetic system.. 1. pupils dilate 2. increased heart rate 3. bronchi dilate 4. emission of bile
parasymathetic is rest and digest... 4. emission of bile sympathetic is parasympathetic is muscle breakdown muscle building urination blocked urination ejaculation erection
28
``` reflexes are graded on a scale of 1 to 5 0 to 4 1 - 1+ -2 to 2+ ```
0 to 4+ ``` DTR grading.. 4+ very brisk, heperactive brisker than averge, slightly hyperactive normal low normal 0 no response ```
29
biceps reflex tests ....
C5, C6 ``` biceps C5 brachioradials C6 triceps C7 patellar L4 achilles S1 ```
30
``` pupillary reactions... CN I and II CN II and III CN V and VII CN VII and IX ```
CN II and III CN II optic is information going in.. CN III oculomotor is information going out..
31
characterized by UMN and LMN signs.. spacticity, weakness, +babinski's sign, muscle atrophy, asciculations
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.. ALS (death of neurons)
32
Brachial plexus.... Randy Travis Drinks COld Beer
Root trunks divisions cords branches
33
``` which CN is involved in taste.. CNIII CNV CNIX CNXI ```
CN IX is glossopharyngeal..posterior 1/3 of tongue also CNVII - facial anterior 2/3 of tongue CN10 vagus epiglottis
34
big toe dorsiflexes and the toes fan out..
big toe flexes up.. this is a postiive babinski sign and indicates UMN problem..
35
inner ear problem, sound waves not processed, sensorinueral hearing loss.. 1. cerumen impaction 2. foreign bodies 3. otitis externa 4. presbycusis
presbycusis.. difficulty distinguishing voices in a crowd, elderly, inner ear problem
36
blood is made up of...
45% cells and 55% plasma
37
characteristics of blood cells...
45% of blood, supply of oxygen (via RBC), circulation of WBC, clotting at sites of injuries
38
responsible for maintaing electrolytes and fluid balance
plasma (55% of blood)
39
protein reserve of the body, aids in clotting
plasma (clotting is assisted by fibrinogen protein)
40
life span of RBC
4 months (120 days) wbc 3 to 4 days platelets 5 to 10 days
41
sickle cell anemia RBC life span
shorter than normal... 12 to 15 days
42
life span of platelets
5 to 10 days
43
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
``` Neutrophil 50 to 70% eat granules Lueokocytes 25 to 35% specific immune response Monocytes 4 to 6% eat no granules Eosinophil 1 to 3 % allergy parasistes Basophil 0.4 to 1% inflammatory ```
44
engulfing WBC (phagocytosis)
neutrophils, monocytes
45
eosionphils are responsible for... 1. phagocytosis 2. allergic reactions 3. inflammatory reactions 4. humoral and cellular immunity
allergic reactions phagocytosis.. neutrophils and monocytes inflammatory reactions basophils
46
defends against helminthic infection
eosinophil.. causes of eosinophila.. neoplasia, asthma, allergy, connective tissue disease, parasites
47
functions of blood cells...45 % of blood (plasma 55%) RBC WBC Platelets
RBC carry oxygen WBC protect body from germs Platelets form sticky blood clots
48
A antigen of RBC surface and Anti B antibody in plasma
blood group A
49
universal recipients of RBC
blood group AB (no antibodies in plasma) | universal donor of plasma
50
universal donor of RBC
blood group O (no antigens on RBC surface) | universal recepient of plasma
51
Rh- mother in 2nd pregancy has increased risk of...
transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies that will reject a fetus of Rh+...treatment is Rho(D) immune globulin...
52
type of antibody that can cross he placenta in a pregnant woman.
IgG... IgA.. local protection of mucous membranes IgM - first type of antibody made in response to an infection IgE - involved in immediate hypersensitivity response (eosinophils)
53
what is the measurement for anemia types.. corpuscular volume or mean cell volume
MCV.. microsytic anemia <80 normocytic anemia 80 to 100 macrocytic anemia >100
54
microcytic anemia.. 1. iron deficiency 2. B12 deficiency 3. folate deficiency 4. drug toxicity
iron deficincy.. | b12 and folate is macrocytic
55
megaloblastic anemia.. (macrocytic
B9 and B12 deficincy.. B9 homcystein increase.. methymalonic acid normal B12 homocystein increase .. methymalonic acid increase
56
pernicious anemia... B12 deficiency
a result of.. | loss of gastric parietal cells which product intrinsic factor that help absorb B12,
57
vit B12 deficincy
``` decreased intake crohns pernicious anemia celiac tapeworm ```
58
leading cause of cancer death in men and women
Lung metastases from Breast colon prostate bladder metastases to adrenals, brain, bone liver
59
``` most common leukemia in children ALL acut lymphocytic AML acute myelogenous 20 to 40 CML chronic myelogenous 40 to 60 CLL chronic lymphocytic >65 ```
ALL
60
30 year old leukemia, previous chemo,
Acute Myelogenous
61
risk factor for bladder cancer..
smoking, aniline dyes, schistosomiasis.. Dx; cystoscopy
62
dx for prostate cancer..
DRE, PSA test, transrectal biopsy
63
cancer staging notation system for malignant tumors
T size N nearby lymph nodes M metastasis
64
macronutrients vs micronutrients
carbohydrates, protein, fat.. vs.. macrominerals
65
enzyme release for carbohydrate digestion
mouth and small intestine (amylase comes from pancreas)
66
protein digestion...
pepsin from stomach, trypsin from pancreas, peptid (SI)
67
fat digestion..
lipase (SI)
68
small intestine consists of
duodenum jejunum ileum (crohns)
69
external hemorrhoid..
below the pectinate line, painful
70
above the pectinate line and not painful
internal hemorrhoid
71
dividing point for the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract..
ligament of treitz division between duodenum and jejunum
72
hematochezia comes from...
lower GI tract.. bright red blood
73
melena comes from...
upper GI tract.. dark tarry stool
74
inflammatory bowel disease is...
crohn's and ulcerative colitis
75
crohns vs ulcerative colitis
skip lesions vs continuous | ileum involved vs rectum involved (entire tract)
76
oral ulcers, terminal ileum, colon, skip lesions, abdominal pain, non-bloody diarrhea, perirectal abscess
crohn's disease
77
involves rectum, continuous lesions, abdominal pain with bloody diarrhea
ulcerative colitis..
78
malabsorption with chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, dermatitis, biopsy reveals loss of villi..
celiac disease.
79
nausea, vomiting, hardness in the lower right side of the abdomens...
mcburney's sign with show appendicitis
80
AST:ALT 2:1 or greater...
alcoholic liver disease
81
iron overload.. more in men than women..
hemochromatosis.. women do not because of menstural cycle.. tx is phlebotomy
82
copper overload..
wilson's disease
83
copper overload,, brownish yellow ring visible around the corneo scleral junction (kayser fleischer rings)
wilson's disease (copper overload)

BIOMED - KIM VIDEOS (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions