Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOMED - KIM VIDEOS > DAY6 > Flashcards

DAY6 Flashcards

1
Q

what supplements decrease the risk of neural tube defects… ex. Spina Bifida

A

Vit B9, folic acid.. planning preganancy 400mg, with history 4g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is preterm delivery

A

20 to 37 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

classes of teratogens (an agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus)

A

radiation, maternal infections, chemicals, and drugs..

ex. Abdominal CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

FDA drug classification… Class D

  1. no risk in human study
  2. no risk in animal study
  3. high risk but benefits outweigh the risk
  4. Fetal abnormal
  5. indeterminate risk, benefits may outweigh rsik
A

class D is risky but benefits outweight the risk..

Class A is 1
Class B is 2
CLass E is 4
class C is 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pregnant woman with persistent headache or visual disturbances, persistent epigastric pain and hyperreactive reflexes

A

pre-eclampsia.. classified by BP
mild 140/90
severe 160/110
eclampsia includes seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

treatment for eclampsia

A

delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 weeks postpartum, breast pain and redness along with high fever, chills and flu like symptoms. focal breast erythema, swelling and tenderness

A

mastitis. . severe pain… cellutis of glandular tissue in the breast
tx: antibiotics and continue breast feeding to release the pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most common medical complication of pregnancy

A

Diabetes Mellitus.

diagnosed before pregnancy - pregestational
during pregnancy at 26 weeks - gestation.
can result in very large babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mild depressive symptoms that develop within a few days of delivery and resolve within 2 weeks

  1. postpartum blues
  2. postpartum depression
  3. postpartum psychosis
  4. postpartum delusions
A

postpartum blues..common.. tx is zoloft, celexa.. (avoid prozac and paxil during pregnancy)

postpartum depression is a year after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

RhoGAM shot

A

used to prevent an immune response to Rh+ blood in people with an Rh- blood type..

ex. mother and baby…mother is rh- and husband is type O, baby is rh +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bacterial vaginosis vs trichomoniasis vs candida vulvovaginitis

A

fishy odor vs malodorous odor vs no odor
bacteria vs protozoa (STI) vs fungus
grayish white discharge vs yellow green vs white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

female with thin white discharge for 10 day, fishy odor, worse after intercourse, no prior STD, clue cels seen under microscope

A

bacterial vaginosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

female with yellowish green discharge with malodorous odor, pH - 6, flagellated organism under microscope

A

treat patient and sexual partners.. this is a STD trichomoniasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cervical cancer screening…

A

start at 21 or 3 years after sexual activity starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ovulation is represented by

A

surge of FSH and LH hormones..

FSH get a follicule ready for ovulation
LH trigger ovulation, makes the egg release from ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LH is produced in the…

A

anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ovulatary phase includes …

  1. mature egg is released from the ovary
  2. LH surge
  3. FSH surge
  4. progesteron surge
A

all except progesterone surge this happens with the follicle ruptures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

major risk factors for cervical cancer

A

HPV infection, tobacco use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

types of HPV that account for majority of cervical cancer

A

HPV16 and 18

HPV6 and 11 are for warts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

complications of hyperparathyroidism… increase amount OF PTH.. (decreased calcium in bones)

A

OSTEOPOROSIS…

also neophrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, osteopenia, pancreatitis, cardiac valve calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

51 yo female with hot flashes, atrophy of the vagina, osteoporosis, coronary artery disease, sleep disturbances, high levels of FSH..

A

menopause..

Hot flash
Atrophy
Vagina
Osteoporosis
CAD
Sleep disturbances

Increase FSH, LH..derease estrogen, avg age is 51, earlier in smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

loss of urine after increase intra abdominal pressure ex coughing, sneezing, lifting, laughing

  1. total incontinence
  2. stress inconitinence
  3. urge incontinence
  4. overflow incontinence
A

stress incontinence

urge incontinence happens when there is an involuntary loss of urine at inappropriate times , overactive bladder

total incontinence is all times all positions

overflow is from chronic urinary retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

I-PAD

A

meninges… inner.. pia arachnoid dura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

headache started hour agao, vomiting, worst headache of my life, stiff neck

  1. epidural hematoma
  2. subdural hematoma
  3. subarachnoid hemorrhage
  4. intracerebral hemorrhage
A

subarachnoid hemorrhage….

epidural.. trauma, lucid intervals, biconvex lens shape
subdural - elderly, crescent shape
subaracnoid - trauma, berry aneyrysims, abrupt onset, worst headache,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord..

PNS sensory pathways, motor pathways
motor pathways somatic and autonomic
Autonomic sympathetic, parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q 
spinal nerves:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx
A 
8
12
5
5
1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

characteristics of parasympathetic system..

  1. pupils dilate
  2. increased heart rate
  3. bronchi dilate
  4. emission of bile
A

parasymathetic is rest and digest…
4. emission of bile

sympathetic is parasympathetic is
muscle breakdown muscle building
urination blocked urination
ejaculation erection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q 
reflexes are graded on a scale of
1 to 5
0 to 4
1 - 1+
-2 to 2+
A

0 to 4+

DTR grading..
4+ very brisk, heperactive
brisker than averge, slightly hyperactive
normal
low normal
0 no response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

biceps reflex tests ….

A

C5, C6

biceps C5
brachioradials C6
triceps C7
patellar L4
achilles S1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q 
pupillary reactions...
CN I and II
CN II and III
CN V and VII
CN VII and IX
A

CN II and III

CN II optic is information going in..
CN III oculomotor is information going out..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

characterized by UMN and LMN signs.. spacticity, weakness, +babinski’s sign, muscle atrophy, asciculations

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.. ALS (death of neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Brachial plexus…. Randy Travis Drinks COld Beer

A

Root trunks divisions cords branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q 
which CN is involved in taste..
CNIII
CNV
CNIX
CNXI
A

CN IX is glossopharyngeal..posterior 1/3 of tongue

also CNVII - facial anterior 2/3 of tongue
CN10 vagus epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

big toe dorsiflexes and the toes fan out..

A

big toe flexes up.. this is a postiive babinski sign and indicates UMN problem..

35
Q

inner ear problem, sound waves not processed, sensorinueral hearing loss..

  1. cerumen impaction
  2. foreign bodies
  3. otitis externa
  4. presbycusis
A

presbycusis.. difficulty distinguishing voices in a crowd, elderly, inner ear problem

36
Q

blood is made up of…

A

45% cells and 55% plasma

37
Q

characteristics of blood cells…

A

45% of blood, supply of oxygen (via RBC), circulation of WBC, clotting at sites of injuries

38
Q

responsible for maintaing electrolytes and fluid balance

A

plasma (55% of blood)

39
Q

protein reserve of the body, aids in clotting

A

plasma (clotting is assisted by fibrinogen protein)

40
Q

life span of RBC

A

4 months (120 days)
wbc 3 to 4 days
platelets 5 to 10 days

41
Q

sickle cell anemia RBC life span

A

shorter than normal… 12 to 15 days

42
Q

life span of platelets

A

5 to 10 days

43
Q

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

A 
Neutrophil 50 to 70% eat granules
Lueokocytes 25 to 35% specific immune response
Monocytes 4 to 6% eat no granules
Eosinophil 1 to 3 % allergy parasistes
Basophil 0.4 to 1% inflammatory
44
Q

engulfing WBC (phagocytosis)

A

neutrophils, monocytes

45
Q

eosionphils are responsible for…

  1. phagocytosis
  2. allergic reactions
  3. inflammatory reactions
  4. humoral and cellular immunity
A

allergic reactions

phagocytosis.. neutrophils and monocytes
inflammatory reactions basophils

46
Q

defends against helminthic infection

A

eosinophil.. causes of eosinophila.. neoplasia, asthma, allergy, connective tissue disease, parasites

47
Q

functions of blood cells…45 % of blood (plasma 55%)
RBC
WBC
Platelets

A

RBC carry oxygen
WBC protect body from germs
Platelets form sticky blood clots

48
Q

A antigen of RBC surface and Anti B antibody in plasma

A

blood group A

49
Q

universal recipients of RBC

A

blood group AB (no antibodies in plasma)

universal donor of plasma

50
Q

universal donor of RBC

A

blood group O (no antigens on RBC surface)

universal recepient of plasma

51
Q

Rh- mother in 2nd pregancy has increased risk of…

A

transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies that will reject a fetus of Rh+…treatment is Rho(D) immune globulin…

52
Q

type of antibody that can cross he placenta in a pregnant woman.

A

IgG…
IgA.. local protection of mucous membranes
IgM - first type of antibody made in response to an infection
IgE - involved in immediate hypersensitivity response (eosinophils)

53
Q

what is the measurement for anemia types.. corpuscular volume or mean cell volume

A

MCV..
microsytic anemia <80
normocytic anemia 80 to 100
macrocytic anemia >100

54
Q

microcytic anemia..

  1. iron deficiency
  2. B12 deficiency
  3. folate deficiency
  4. drug toxicity
A

iron deficincy..

b12 and folate is macrocytic

55
Q

megaloblastic anemia.. (macrocytic

A

B9 and B12 deficincy..

B9 homcystein increase.. methymalonic acid normal
B12 homocystein increase .. methymalonic acid increase

56
Q

pernicious anemia… B12 deficiency

A

a result of..

loss of gastric parietal cells which product intrinsic factor that help absorb B12,

57
Q

vit B12 deficincy

A 
decreased intake
crohns
pernicious anemia
celiac
tapeworm
58
Q

leading cause of cancer death in men and women

A

Lung

metastases from Breast colon prostate bladder
metastases to adrenals, brain, bone liver

59
Q 
most common leukemia in children
ALL acut lymphocytic
AML acute myelogenous 20 to 40
CML chronic myelogenous 40 to 60
CLL chronic lymphocytic >65
A

ALL

60
Q

30 year old leukemia, previous chemo,

A

Acute Myelogenous

61
Q

risk factor for bladder cancer..

A

smoking, aniline dyes, schistosomiasis.. Dx; cystoscopy

62
Q

dx for prostate cancer..

A

DRE, PSA test, transrectal biopsy

63
Q

cancer staging notation system for malignant tumors

A

T size
N nearby lymph nodes
M metastasis

64
Q

macronutrients vs micronutrients

A

carbohydrates, protein, fat.. vs.. macrominerals

65
Q

enzyme release for carbohydrate digestion

A

mouth and small intestine (amylase comes from pancreas)

66
Q

protein digestion…

A

pepsin from stomach, trypsin from pancreas, peptid (SI)

67
Q

fat digestion..

A

lipase (SI)

68
Q

small intestine consists of

A

duodenum jejunum ileum (crohns)

69
Q

external hemorrhoid..

A

below the pectinate line, painful

70
Q

above the pectinate line and not painful

A

internal hemorrhoid

71
Q

dividing point for the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract..

A

ligament of treitz

division between duodenum and jejunum

72
Q

hematochezia comes from…

A

lower GI tract.. bright red blood

73
Q

melena comes from…

A

upper GI tract.. dark tarry stool

74
Q

inflammatory bowel disease is…

A

crohn’s and ulcerative colitis

75
Q

crohns vs ulcerative colitis

A

skip lesions vs continuous

ileum involved vs rectum involved (entire tract)

76
Q

oral ulcers, terminal ileum, colon, skip lesions, abdominal pain, non-bloody diarrhea, perirectal abscess

A

crohn’s disease

77
Q

involves rectum, continuous lesions, abdominal pain with bloody diarrhea

A

ulcerative colitis..

78
Q

malabsorption with chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, dermatitis, biopsy reveals loss of villi..

A

celiac disease.

79
Q

nausea, vomiting, hardness in the lower right side of the abdomens…

A

mcburney’s sign with show appendicitis

80
Q

AST:ALT 2:1 or greater…

A

alcoholic liver disease

81
Q

iron overload.. more in men than women..

A

hemochromatosis.. women do not because of menstural cycle.. tx is phlebotomy

82
Q

copper overload..

A

wilson’s disease

83
Q

copper overload,, brownish yellow ring visible around the corneo scleral junction (kayser fleischer rings)

A

wilson’s disease (copper overload)

BIOMED - KIM VIDEOS (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions