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BIOMED - KIM VIDEOS > DAY5 > Flashcards

DAY5 Flashcards

1
Q

deformity of the joint connecting the big toe to the foot..

  1. Plantar fasciitis
  2. Morton’s neuroma
  3. Cmpartment syndrome
  4. Bunion deformity
A
  1. bunion deformity

hallus abducto valgus (or varus)

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2
Q

pain in the heel and bottom of the foot, usually most severe with the first steps of the day or following a period of rest..

  1. Plantar fasciitis
  2. morton’s neuroma
  3. cmpartment syndrome
  4. bunion deformity
A
  1. plantar fasciitis
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3
Q

benign neuroma of an intermetatarsal plantar nerve, commonly between 3rd and 4th intermetatarsal spaces

A

morton’s neuoma

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4
Q

serious condition involving increased pressure, leads to muscle and nerve damage and problems with blood flow

A

emergency surgery.. compartment syndrome (fasciotomy)

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5
Q

test for anterior cruciate ligament integrity or tear (ACL)

A

anterior drawer test..
more reliable is Lachman test.. knee flexed 20–30°, the tibia is displaced anteriorly relative to the femur; a soft endpoint or greater than 4 mm of displacement is positive

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6
Q

test for meniscus both medial and lateral

A

McMurray test… pain on external rotation (medial meniscus) pain on internal rotation (lateral meniscus)

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7
Q

unhappy triad …diagnosed orthopedic issues?

A

ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus… diagnosed with MRI

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8
Q

drop arm test for?

A

weakness on external rotation, pain upon abduction of arm…Rotator cuff tear (also Hawkins - kennedy test)

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9
Q

patients arm in shoulder flexion, external rotation, full elbow extension, forearm supination, manual resistance is then applied… test for bicipital tendonitis

A

Speed’s test (also can use yegarson’s test)

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10
Q

types of spinal curvatures..

A

Kyphosis - thoracic curvature (hunchback)
Lordosis - anterior lumbar curvature (swayback)
Scoliosis - lateral curvature

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11
Q

moderate scoliosis

A

cobb angle 20 to 40 degrees

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12
Q

symmetrical joint pain, morning stiffness last 60 minutes, fatigue, anorexia, pain gets better during the day

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

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13
Q

needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals, in a middle aged obese man, severe pain, redness and swelling in the big toe,

A

Gout (uric acid accumulation), often put on purine restricted diet

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14
Q

hip fractures, vertebral compression fractures, loss of height and progressive thoracic kyphosis, distal radius fractures (Colles’ fracture), following minimal trauma

A

osteoporosis (diagnosed with DEXA scan T score -2.5 and lower)

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15
Q

vitamin D deficiency in adults and children

A

adults osteomalacia, children rickets

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16
Q

osteoblasts vs osteoclast

A

build up bone vs breakdown

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17
Q

too much PTH (parathyroid hormone) can cause?

A

osteoporosis…. PTH increases blood calcium, less for bones

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18
Q

hypertension diagnosis…

A

130/90 pre hypertension
140./90 hypertension
grade 2 160/100
grade 3 180/110

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19
Q

essential hypertension is caused by?

A

unknown…

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20
Q

secondary hypertension is caused by…

A 
Cushings
Hyperaldosterone
Aortic
Pheochromocytoma
Stenosis of renal
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21
Q

major risk factors for ischemic heart disease..

A 
Age>65
Male
Family history
Hyperttension
Smoking
Hyperlipidemia
DM
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22
Q

medications for hypertension

A

ACE inhibitors
Beta Blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Diuretics

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23
Q

fat deposits around the eyes showing excess fat in the body (think high levels of triglycerides)

A

Xanthoma

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24
Q

factors contibuting to atherosclerotic vascular disease…

A

high LDL, low HDL

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25
Q

total cholesterol
LDL cholestoerol
HDL cholesterol
triglycerides

A

below 200
below 100
above 40 (this is the cleaner of the pathways)
below 150

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26
Q

substernal chest tightness/pain or SOB with a consistent amount of exertion, relief is OBTAINED with rest or nitroglycerine…

  1. Stable angina
  2. unstable angina
  3. myocardial infarction
  4. acute coronary syndrome
A
  1. stable angina because it is addressed with medication, unstable angina the pain would not improve
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27
Q

59 year old male in ER, history of DM, HTN, hypercholesterolemia, chest pain radiating to the jaw, pain started 6 hours ago, ECG confims anterior MI… what test?

A

Troponin I

CK-MB is for an attack that occured further into the past…(example 4 days ago)

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28
Q 
when would you screen for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
1. 45 to 55 for everyone
2. 45 to 55 who ever smoked
3. 65 to 75 everyone
65 to 75 who ever smoked
A

an ultrasound screening for 65 to 75 year old who have smoked.. surgical candidate if 5.5 cm or larger

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29
Q

right side of the heart pumps blood ….?

A

to the lungs.. this is the pulmonary circuit and the blood is deoxygenated

the systemic circuits pumps to the whole body

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30
Q

blood vessels that contain oxygenated blood…

A

pulmonary vein to the heart
aorta oxygenated blood from heart to body

the pulmonary artery takes blood away from the heart to the lungs and is deoxygenated.. the vena cava has deoxygenated blood (from body to heart)

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31
Q

normal ECG patter is composed of…

A

P QRS T

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32
Q

tachycardia in an adult..

A

resting heart rate over 100… for a fetus it is greater than 140

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33
Q

bradychardia in an adult is..

A

resting heart rate under 60bpm

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34
Q

blood pressure regulating hormones called…

A

renin-angiontensin-aldosteron system RAAS

angiotensinogen (+renin) to angiontensin1 + ACE to angiotensin II to aldosterone (which is one of the ways BP is modified)

35
Q

angiotensinogen to aniotensinI…

A

renin (produced in the kidneys)

36
Q

angiotensin I to angiotensin II…

A

ACE (produced in the Lungs and Kidneys)

37
Q

adverse effects for ACE inhibitors (meds that end in -pril)

A

dry cough.. not productive

38
Q

actions of angiotension II…

A

increase symathetic activity
increase aldosterone secretion
increase Na+ reabsorption
vaso constriction..

This increases BP

39
Q

CPR response

A

Compressions… Airway… Breathing CAB

40
Q

compression ventilation ration for an adult (or single resonder for child or infant)

41
Q

exposure to threatened death or serious injury… male top causes: rape, combat
Female top cuases: childhood abuse, rape

A

post traumatic stress disorder.. if less than a month acute stress disorder

42
Q 
Palpitation
Abdominal distress
Numbness
Intense fear of death
Choking, chills, chest pain
Sweating, shaking, shortness of breath
A

panic disorder

43
Q

Cut down?
Annoyed you by criticism?
Guilty for your behavior?
Eye-opener to stead your nerves?

A

questionnaire for alcohol abuse

44
Q 
Sleep either decreased or increased
Interests decreased
Guilt
Energy decreased
Concentration decreased
Appetite decreased or increased
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Suicidal ideation
A

major depressive disorder

45
Q 
Distractibilit
Insomnia decreased need for sleep
Grandiosity (inflated self esteem)
Speech pressed
Flight of ideas
Agitation, psychomotor
Recklessness, risky behavior
A

bipolar disorder

46
Q

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, bizarre behaviors, no feeling of enjoyment, speaking less

A

schizophrenia

47
Q

8 year old boy for last 7 month, easily distracted, difficulty following instructions, disorganization, fidgeting, interrupting others… occured for more that 6 moths in more that 2 settings

A

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

48
Q

18month old, non verbal, rarely gestures or points at things and always plays alone. DOES NOT RESPOND TO HIS NAME OR MAKE EYE CONTACT.

A

autism spectrum disorder

49
Q

90 minutes after falling asleep, penile/clitoral tumescence occur,

50
Q

meds to help with nicotine addiction

51
Q

substance intoxication that causes belligerence, psychosis, VIOLENCE, impulsiveness, psychomotor agitation

A

phencyclidine hydrochloride PCP

marijuana -slowed sense of time
LSD -delusion, visual hall, pupil dilation
Opioids -pupil contraction (pinpoint), euphoria, CNS depression, resp. depression
Amphetamine, cocaine -psycomotor agitation, pupil dilaion

52
Q

toxicity: restlessness, insomnia, diuresis, muscle twitching, arrhythmias, psychomotor agitation
withdrawal: headache, lethargy, depression, irritability, craving

  1. alcohol
  2. nicotine
  3. caffeine
  4. sugar
53
Q

signs.. parotitis, orchitis, meningitis

A

mumps

mumps - epidemic parotitis
measles -rubeola
german measles -rubella

54
Q

koplik spots, descending maculopapular rash, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

C(K)oplik spots
Cough
Coryza (runny nose)
Conjunctivitis

A

measles rubeola

55
Q

what is 3 day measles

A

rubella (german measles)

56
Q 
What is passed from mother to baby?
T
O
R
C
H
A 
toxoplasmosis
other infections...Hep B
rubella
cytomegalovirus
herpes simplex 2
57
Q

causative agent of whooping cough

A

bordatella pertussis…

58
Q

most common STI

59
Q

most common viral STI

60
Q

most common bacterial STI

61
Q

vaccines are available for

A

Hep A and B

A 15 to 150  fecal/o abrupt yes(vaccine) no(chronic)
B 45 to 160 blood insidious yes depends
C 14 to 180 blood insidious no 75 to 85%
D n/a          n/a    insidious  no  n/a
E 15 to 60  f/o  abrupt       no   no
62
Q

abrupt onset

A

hep A and E

63
Q

blood borne

A

hep b and C

64
Q

incubation of hep C

A

14 to 180 days

65
Q

fecal oral transmission high mortality in women

66
Q

common cause of infantile diarrhea, major cause of acute diarrhea in the US during the winter esepcially in day care centers and kindegartens

67
Q

non bacterial outbreak of gastroenteritis, spread quickly in closed places like daycare centers, nursing homes, schools, CRUISE SHIPS

68
Q

primary target of HIV

A

CD4 helper T cells

when CD4 cells fall below 200 you are considered to have progressed to AIDS, or develop one or more oppotunistic ILLNESSES, regardless of CD4 count

69
Q

super bug resistant to antibiotics

A

MRSA meth resistant staph aureus

related to hospital stays because too much antibiotics NOSOCOMAL

70
Q

not a sign or symptom of meningitis

  1. fever
  2. neck stiffness
  3. mental status change
  4. babinski sign
A

Babinski sign is for UMN.. scraping bottom of foot and fanning of toes

71
Q

neck is flexed and knee and hip flex involuntarily

A

brudzinski sign for meningitis

72
Q

hip/knee flexed,inability to straighten knee

A

kernig sign for meningitis

73
Q

test for HIV

A

start with ELISSA and confirm with western blot

74
Q

poor night vision damage to cornea dry or cracked skin

A

VITAMIN A deficiency.. mucosa

75
Q

hemorrhage, rare except in newborn infants

A

VIT K deficiency

76
Q

dry beriberi, wet beriberi, wernicke korsoakoff syndrome

A

VIT B1 thiamine deficiency… WK is caused by alcohol, amnesia, psychiatric

77
Q

pellagra… dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia (scaly sores, mucosal changes, mental symptoms)

A

vitamin B3 deficiency .. Niacin

78
Q

megaloblastic anemia and pernicious anemia

A

caused by B12 deficiency cobalamin

79
Q

autoimmune disease in the fundus of the stomach .. no parietal cells which creates intrinsic factor.. without intrinisic factor no absorption of B12

A

pernicious anemia

80
Q

vit B9 deficiency .. folate.. in pregnancy

A

megaloblastic anemia

81
Q

weakness, anemia, bruising, bleeding glums, loose teeth

A

Vit C deficiency.. scurvy

82
Q

b1 deficiency from alcohol abuse..

A

Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

wernicke encephalopathy.. ataxia. ophthalmoplegia confusion

korsakoffs psychosis imparied short teerm memory confabulation may be accompanying. (this is the homeless person on the street that makes up stories regarding how they got there)

83
Q

vitamin d deficiency in children

A

causes rickets.. this is not a calcium deficiency.. same as osteomalacia in adults

BIOMED - KIM VIDEOS (10 decks)

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