DAY3 Flashcards
moderate to severe acute abdominal pain, copious emesis, cramping pain; fever signs of dehydration, hypotension
Small Bowel Obstruction
partial SBO vs complete SBO
partial will have gas
adhesion (post surgery accounts for 60%), hernia (10 to 20%), neoplasm (10 to 20%)
etiology of SBO
leading cause of SBO in children
Hernia
signs and symptoms for nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
flank tenderness; pain radiating to the groin; hematuria; n/v
diagnosis of kidney stones
CT scan (KUB xray has less radiation and visualizes 93%)
which type of kidney stones can only be seen by CT scan
Uric acid are radiolucent
kidney stones < …. in diameter can pass through urethra; stones < —– in diameter can be treated with extrcorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, or retrograde ureteroscopy
5mm and 3 cm
entrapement of the median nerve at the wrist.. paresthesias, pain and occasionally paralysis.. symptoms worsen at night or when wrists are held in flexion or extension..
Carpal Tunnel syndrome.. diagnosed with Tinel’s sign, Phalen’s sign
Tinel’s sign
tapping on the median nerve elicits tingling
Phalen’s sign
hand’s in prayer elicits pain
which fingers are impacted from carpal tunnel syndrome
1st 2nd 3rd and 1/4 4th fingers
fingers go numb, coldness, color changes from white to blue to red…inadequate blood flow, oxygen is depleted in the tissue, blood comes rushing back
Raynaud syndrome
testing the rotator cuff supraspinatus for tear
Drop Arm test
what is the test for HIV
ELISA followed by western blot for specificity
destroys CD4 and T lymphocytes, a retrovirus
HIV
how to classify AIDS
HIV infection plus CD4 count <200 plus AIDS defining conditions (pneumonia, cryptosporidons)
recurrent oral infections which present as a cluster of crusted vesicles on an erythematous base.. often triggered by sun and fever
HSV-1
labial cluster of blisters on an erythematous base
HSV-2
tx for HSV
oral or IV acyclovir
what class of drug: Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Clotrimaole, Miconazole, Itraconazole, VOriconazole
antifungal
pruritic lesions in crops over a period of 2 to 3 days, evolving from red macules and crusting over… all over the body except palms and soles
varicella (chicken pox)
lesions cropping up along the nerve’s dermatomal distribution… outbreaks are usually preceded by intense local pain and arise as grouped blisterd
herpes zoster (shingles)
following an outbreak of herpes zoster
postherpetic neuraglia (very painful)
coagulation disorders - in boys, bleeding and arthropathy
Hemophelia A
Hemophelia B
Hemophelia C
Von Willebrand’s disease
most common inherited bleeding disorder, autosomal dominant,… treated with DDAVP (desmopressin)
heavy menstrual bleeding, excessive gum bleeding, bleeding after injuries
Hemophelia A
factor VIII deficiency - spontaneous hemorhage into tissue and joints
elongated fingers and arms
Marfan Syndrome
cyclical pelvic, rectal pain.. dysmenorhea, painful intercourse (dyspareunia)
endometriosis
diagnosis of endometriosis
laporascopy
ovaries with endometriosis
Chocolate cyst
noncyclical pain plus menorrhagia and enlarged uterus
adenomyosis (endometrial tissue in the muscle of the uterus)
retained material of conception following delivery, miscarriage, abortion of foreign body such as an IUD causing inflammation of endometrium
endometritis
most common benign neoplasm of the female genial tract
uterine leiomyoma (fibroid)
risk factors… hypertension, high cholesterol, vascular diseases, smoking, gender (males > females), age.. most are abdominal, commonly associated with atherosclerosis
aortic aneurysms
men 65 to 75 with a history of smoking should be screened…
with ultrasound for abdominal aortic aneurysms
what size of aneurysm needs surgical attention..
abdominal >5.5 cm; thoracis >6cm
aortic aneurysm are associated wtih..
atherosclerosis
tearing/ripping pain in the anterior chest in ascending disection.. interscapular back pain in descending disection..hypertension
aortic dissections
muscles of rotator cuff
supraspinatus - abducts
infraspinatus - externally rotates
teres minor - adducts, externally rotates
subscapularis - adducts, internally rotates