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BIOMED - KIM VIDEOS > DAY3 > Flashcards

DAY3 Flashcards

1
Q

moderate to severe acute abdominal pain, copious emesis, cramping pain; fever signs of dehydration, hypotension

A

Small Bowel Obstruction

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2
Q

partial SBO vs complete SBO

A

partial will have gas

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3
Q

adhesion (post surgery accounts for 60%), hernia (10 to 20%), neoplasm (10 to 20%)

A

etiology of SBO

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4
Q

leading cause of SBO in children

A

Hernia

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5
Q

signs and symptoms for nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)

A

flank tenderness; pain radiating to the groin; hematuria; n/v

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6
Q

diagnosis of kidney stones

A

CT scan (KUB xray has less radiation and visualizes 93%)

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7
Q

which type of kidney stones can only be seen by CT scan

A

Uric acid are radiolucent

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8
Q

kidney stones < …. in diameter can pass through urethra; stones < —– in diameter can be treated with extrcorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, or retrograde ureteroscopy

A

5mm and 3 cm

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9
Q

entrapement of the median nerve at the wrist.. paresthesias, pain and occasionally paralysis.. symptoms worsen at night or when wrists are held in flexion or extension..

A

Carpal Tunnel syndrome.. diagnosed with Tinel’s sign, Phalen’s sign

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10
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

tapping on the median nerve elicits tingling

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11
Q

Phalen’s sign

A

hand’s in prayer elicits pain

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12
Q

which fingers are impacted from carpal tunnel syndrome

A

1st 2nd 3rd and 1/4 4th fingers

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13
Q

fingers go numb, coldness, color changes from white to blue to red…inadequate blood flow, oxygen is depleted in the tissue, blood comes rushing back

A

Raynaud syndrome

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14
Q

testing the rotator cuff supraspinatus for tear

A

Drop Arm test

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15
Q

what is the test for HIV

A

ELISA followed by western blot for specificity

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16
Q

destroys CD4 and T lymphocytes, a retrovirus

A

HIV

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17
Q

how to classify AIDS

A

HIV infection plus CD4 count <200 plus AIDS defining conditions (pneumonia, cryptosporidons)

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18
Q

recurrent oral infections which present as a cluster of crusted vesicles on an erythematous base.. often triggered by sun and fever

A

HSV-1

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19
Q

labial cluster of blisters on an erythematous base

A

HSV-2

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20
Q

tx for HSV

A

oral or IV acyclovir

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21
Q 
what class of drug:
Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Clotrimaole, Miconazole, Itraconazole, VOriconazole
A

antifungal

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22
Q

pruritic lesions in crops over a period of 2 to 3 days, evolving from red macules and crusting over… all over the body except palms and soles

A

varicella (chicken pox)

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23
Q

lesions cropping up along the nerve’s dermatomal distribution… outbreaks are usually preceded by intense local pain and arise as grouped blisterd

A

herpes zoster (shingles)

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24
Q

following an outbreak of herpes zoster

A

postherpetic neuraglia (very painful)

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25
Q

coagulation disorders - in boys, bleeding and arthropathy

A

Hemophelia A
Hemophelia B
Hemophelia C

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26
Q

Von Willebrand’s disease

A

most common inherited bleeding disorder, autosomal dominant,… treated with DDAVP (desmopressin)

heavy menstrual bleeding, excessive gum bleeding, bleeding after injuries

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27
Q

Hemophelia A

A

factor VIII deficiency - spontaneous hemorhage into tissue and joints

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28
Q

elongated fingers and arms

A

Marfan Syndrome

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29
Q

cyclical pelvic, rectal pain.. dysmenorhea, painful intercourse (dyspareunia)

A

endometriosis

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30
Q

diagnosis of endometriosis

A

laporascopy

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31
Q

ovaries with endometriosis

A

Chocolate cyst

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32
Q

noncyclical pain plus menorrhagia and enlarged uterus

A

adenomyosis (endometrial tissue in the muscle of the uterus)

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33
Q

retained material of conception following delivery, miscarriage, abortion of foreign body such as an IUD causing inflammation of endometrium

A

endometritis

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34
Q

most common benign neoplasm of the female genial tract

A

uterine leiomyoma (fibroid)

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35
Q

risk factors… hypertension, high cholesterol, vascular diseases, smoking, gender (males > females), age.. most are abdominal, commonly associated with atherosclerosis

A

aortic aneurysms

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36
Q

men 65 to 75 with a history of smoking should be screened…

A

with ultrasound for abdominal aortic aneurysms

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37
Q

what size of aneurysm needs surgical attention..

A

abdominal >5.5 cm; thoracis >6cm

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38
Q

aortic aneurysm are associated wtih..

A

atherosclerosis

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39
Q

tearing/ripping pain in the anterior chest in ascending disection.. interscapular back pain in descending disection..hypertension

A

aortic dissections

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40
Q

muscles of rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus - abducts
infraspinatus - externally rotates
teres minor - adducts, externally rotates
subscapularis - adducts, internally rotates

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41
Q

tests for bicipital tenosynovitis

A

yergason’s test/ speed test

42
Q

most common rotator cuff muscle tear

A

supraspinatus - abduction of shoulder (test with drop arm test)

43
Q

patients shoulder passively abducted to 90 degrees. patients is instructed to slowly lower arm.. patient is unable

A

Drop Arm Test

44
Q

treatment: no food, IV hydration, analgesia, antiemetics, antibiotics with anaerobi can gram (-) coverage

Dx: fever, mild leukocytosis, CT scan with PO and IV contrast, ultrasound
RLQ pain.. mcburney point

A

appendicitis

45
Q

acute causes of pelvic pain except…

  1. Appendicitis
  2. Ovarian torsion
  3. Pelvic inflammatory disease
  4. ectopic pregnancy
  5. acute pancreatitis
A

pancreatitis is epigastric pain…

46
Q

RUQ pain…

  1. small bowel obstruct
  2. biliary colic
  3. apendicitis
  4. diverticulitis
A

biliary colic..

apendicitis and diverticulits are LQ

47
Q

normal weight or overweight..disturbed body image, extensive measure to avoid weight gain, binge eating

A

Bulimia Nervosa

48
Q

percentage of anorexia nervosa patients that are women

49
Q

percentage under body weight for anorexia

50
Q

CN1 (one)

51
Q

CNII (two of them)

A

vision - pupil afferent

52
Q

CNIII

A

occulomotor - move eye - pupil efferent

53
Q

CNIV

A

trochlear - move eye

54
Q

CNV

A

trigeminal - 3 branches

55
Q

CNVI

A

abducens - move eye

56
Q

CNVII

A

facial - saliva, tears, bells palsy, ant 2/3 tongue

57
Q

CNVIII

A

vestibulocochlear - balance, hearing

58
Q

CNIX

A

glossopharyngeal - 1/3 tongue

59
Q

CNX

A

vagus - voice swallowing, taste, thoracic and abdomen

60
Q

CNXI

A

accessory nerve - shoulder head viscera

61
Q

CNXII

A

hypoglossal - tongue movement, swallowing

62
Q

motor (movement) to SCM and trapezius muscles

63
Q

sensory only

A

CN I, II, VIII

64
Q

parasympathetic nerves

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

65
Q 
not related with eye movement:
Cranial nerve II
Cranial nerve III
Cranial nerve IV
Cranial nerve VI
A

cranial nerve II is vision but not movement

66
Q 
innervation to constrict pupil and accomodate eye...
CN1
CNII
CNIII
CNV
A

CNIII.. occulomotor - efferent
CN1 - hearing
CNII - vision - afferent
CNV - trigeminal

67
Q

motor and sensory

68
Q

motor nerves intrinsic and extrinsic of the tongue…

A

CNXII — hypoglossal

69
Q

taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

  1. CNV
  2. CNVII
  3. CNIX
  4. CNX
A

CNVII - facial 2/3 tongue

70
Q

taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

  1. CNV
  2. CNVII
  3. CNIX
  4. CNX
A

CNIX - glossopharyngeal

71
Q

which CN have taste fibers

A

CN VII, IX, X

72
Q

inflammation of CNVII

A

FACIAL - paralysis of one side of the face…

73
Q

innervation to most of the abdomen (parasympathetic)

A

CNX - vagus

74
Q

trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder in CN…

A

CNV is trigeminal nerve

75
Q

Bells palsy is disorder of CN..

A

CNVII is Facial

76
Q

Suicide Risk assessment… SADPERSONS

A 
S: male sex
A: age <19 or >45
D: depression
P: previous attempt
E: excess alcohol or substance use
R: rational thinking loss
S: social support lacking
O: organized plan
N: no spouse
S: sickness
77
Q

which is incorrect?

  1. men complete suicide 3 times more than woman
  2. men attempt suicide 3 times more frequently
  3. those >75 account for 25% of completed suicides
  4. 2/3 of completed suicides are white males
A

men attempt suicide 3 times more frequently is incorect.. women attempt more but men complete more

78
Q

macule vs. patch

A

macule is .5 FLAT

79
Q

papule vs plaque

A

papule is ,.5cm - plaque is >.5cm ELEVATED, PALPABLE

80
Q

vesicle vs bullae

A

vesicle is .5cm ELEVATED, FLUID FILLED

81
Q

abdominal discomfort with incomplete relief with defecation, intermittent diarrhea or constipation, aggravated by psychological factors

A

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME - this is a functional problem

IBD
Crohn’s
Ulcerative Colitis
these are anatomical problems

82
Q

upper endoscopy vs lower endoscopy

A

EsophagoGastroDuodenoscopy vs Colonoscopy

83
Q

colonscopy visualizes…

A

large intestine

84
Q

Coumadin (warfarin) is used for…

A

inhibits synthesis of Vit K.. clotting

85
Q

female patient presents with myalgias, insomnia, fatigue. 11 of 18 points of triggering pain..

A

Fibromyalgia

Myasthenia gravis is drooping eyelids just above pupils..

86
Q

Fat soluble vitamns.. FADEK

A

vit A, D, E, K…

antioxidant.. A, C, E

87
Q

macrominerals example..

A

calcium, magnesium, potassium…

zinc is micronutrients.. good source is oysters

88
Q

adverse effect of IBProfen (motrin, advil)

A

GI Bleeding

89
Q

adverse effect of acetaminophen (tylenol)

A

hepatotoxic.. liver problems

90
Q

blood pressure 220/140 with headache and papilledema (edema in eyeball)

A

ER reference..

91
Q

proximal muscle weakness, doing the edrophomium test shows immediate relief, ptosis (eyelid drooping)

A

Myasthenius Gravis

92
Q

instrument to examine external ear canal

A

otoscope

opthalmoscope - eyes
sigmoidoscope - sigmoid colon
broncoscope - lungs
laryngoscope - larynx

93
Q

darkly pigmented skin - John F Kennedy

A

Addisons disease

94
Q

side effect of lipitor (statin drugs)

A

myalgia muscle pain…

HmgCOA inhibitor which also inhibits COQ10

95
Q

risk factor of osteoporosis

  1. cheese
  2. fish
  3. sun exposure
  4. smoking
96
Q

uterine bleeding in post menopausal women…

A

uterine cancer

97
Q

when blood pressure falls the kidney releases…..

A

Renin…

part of the RAAS process… renin.. angiotension 1.. angiotension 2.. aldosterone..

98
Q

menorrhagia can lead to….

  1. pernicious anemia
  2. iron deficiency anemia
  3. vit B9 folic acid anemia
  4. vit b12 cobalamin anemia
A

iron deficiency anemia…

macrocystic anemia.. VIT B9 and VIT B12 deficiency

99
Q

african american woman, butterfly malar rash, arthritis, +ANA

  1. RA
  2. SLE
  3. ALS
  4. MS
A 
2. SLE systemic lupus..
DOPAMINE RASH
Discoid rash
Oral Ulcers
Photosensitivity
Arthritis
Malar rash
Immunologic criteria
Neurologic symptoms
Elevated ESR
Renal disease
ANA +
Serositis
Hematologic abnormalities
100
Q

leading cause of blindness in the united states

A

diabetic retinopathy

gradual vision loss in patients with diabetes
progression can be slowed with tight glucose and BP control

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