DAY1 Flashcards
1
Q
Not cancerous; removeable; do not return; do not spread to other parts of the body
A
BENIGN TUMORS
2
Q
Cells that grow out of control; invade nearby tissues; spread to other parts of the body;
A
MALIGNANT TUMORS
3
Q
Move from primary cancer site to secondary site; keeps the name of the original cancer
A
METASTASES
4
Q
Definitive criteria for malignancy
A
METASTASES
5
Q
Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue
A
LYMPHOMA
6
Q
Malignant tumor of fat tissue
A
LIPOMA
7
Q
Benign tumor of adrenal medulla
A
PHEOCHROMCYTOMA
8
Q
Tumor that contains cells from other parts of the body
A
TERATOMA
9
Q
Lining, transport, secretion, absorption ex: GI tract, Hollow organs, skin
A
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
10
Q
Support, strength, elasticity ex: bone, tendon, fat
A
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
11
Q
movement ex: cardiac, smooth, skeletal
A
MUSCULAR TISSUE
12
Q
information synthesis, communication, control ex: brain, spinal cord, nerves
A
NERVOUS TISSUE
13
Q
cancer from epithelial cells
A
CARCINOMA
14
Q
cancer from connective tissue (malignant)
A
SARCOMA
15
Q
cancer from muscular tissue (smooth)
A
LEIOMYOMA
16
Q
cancer from muscular tissue (striated)
A
RHABDYMA
17
Q
cancer from nervous system
A
NEUROMA
18
Q
most common type of skin cancer
A
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
19
Q
classification of skin type for cancer risk
A
FITZPATRICK SCALE
20
Q
skin cancer does not metastasize, found in sun exposed areas, telangiectasias, rolled borders, central ulceration
A
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
21
Q
precursor for squamous cell carcinoma, scaly plaque
A
ACTINIC KERATOSIS
22
Q
second most common skin cancer, excessive exposure to sunlight, immunosuppresion, arsenic exposure, face lower lip
A
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
23
Q
precursor of diabetes, black ring discoloration on neck
A
ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS
24
Q
purple, polygonal, pruritic, plana, papule, plaque
A
LICHEN PLANUS
25
sign of psoriasis, bleeds when scraped
AUSPITZ SIGN
26
most common cause of skin cancer death; depth of tumor correlates with risk of metastasis (Breslow's Depth)
MELANOMA
27
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter > 6mm, Evolution over time
CHARACTERISTICS OF MELANOMA
28
precursor of Melanoma
DYSPLASTIC NEVUS
29
device to measure ROM of joints
GONIOMETER
30
patient performs the exercise to move the joint
ACTIVE
31
therapist moves the joint
PASSIVE
32
CYTOCHROME P450; inducer; drug gets weaker
ST JOHN'S WORT
33
CYTOCHROM P450 Inhibitor; drug gets stronger
GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
34
GRAPEFRUIT JUICE CAN INTERACT WITH?
STATINS; Zocor, Lipitor, Pravachol
35
herb that help with menopause, hot flashes
BLACK COHOSH
36
herb that help with anxiety
CHAMOMILE
37
herbs that help with prostate enlargement
SAW PALMETTO
38
Toxicity leads to easy bruising, bleeding, muscle weakness, creatinuria, nausea, gastric distress, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
VITAMIN E
39
yellow orange coloring of the skin, primarily of the palms and soles of the feet, sclerae is white
CAROTENEMIA; VIT A TOXICITY
40
benign neuroma of intermatatarsal plantar nerve; usually between 2nd and 3rd metatarsal or 3rd and 4th
MORTON'S NEUROMA
41
symptoms of MORTON'S NEUROMA
pain and/or numbness, relieved by removing
42
treatment of MORTON's NEUROMA
orthotics or corticosteroid injections
43
feels like a pebble in their shoe or walking on razor blades
MORTON's NUEROMA
44
most common cause of heel pain
PLANTAR FASCITIS
45
medication for Gout
ALLOPURINOL
46
4F's of Cholelithiasis (gall stones)
Female, Fat, Forty, Fertile
47
history of Cholelithiasis
Abdominal pain in RUQ; n/v, dyspepsia, flatulence
48
method of diagnosis
ULTRASOUND
49
Obese female experiences abdominal pain after meal, pain radiates to right subscapular area
CHOLELITHIASIS
50
inflammation of gall bladder
CHOLECYSTITIS
51
abdominal pain radiating to back
Abdominal Aortic Anuerysm
52
epigastric pain radiating to bain
PANCREATITIS
53
unilateral flank pain radiating to groin
KIDNEY STONE
54
test for Cholecystitis
MURPHY's SIGN
55
autodigestion of pancreas by pancreatic enzymes
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
56
most important causes of acute pancreatitits
Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma (GET SMASHED)
| Steroid, Mumps, Autoimmune disease, Scorpion sting, Hypercalcemia, Hypertrigylceridemia, ERCP, Drug
57
increased lipase and amylase in lab test
ACUTE Pancreatitis
58
chronic inflammation, atrophy and calcification
CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
59
causes of chronic pancreatitis
adults - alcohol; children - cystic fibrosis
60
test for cystic fibrosis
Sweat Chloride
61
S/S of chronic pancreatitis
pancreatic insufficiency, steatorrhea, fat soluble vitamin deficiency, DM, calcification of pancreatitis
62
no symptoms in the beginning, found when it has metastasized
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
63
most common site of pancreatic cancer
head
64
s/s of pancreatic cancer
abdominal pain radiating to the back; migratory thrombophletitis; trousseau syndrome (red tender on palpation of limbs, courvosier sign
65
palpable and nontender enlarged GB, jaundice
courvosier sign
66
CA125
cancer marker for pancreatic and ovarian cancer
67
CEA
cancer marker for colon
68
HER2
marker for breast cancer
69
AFP
marker for LV cancer
70
most common cause of HYPERTHYROIDISM
Grave's disease
71
diagnosis for hyperthyroidism
initial test of low TSH levels
72
complication from hyperthyroidism
Thyroid Storm
73
weight loss, heat intolerance, anxiety, palpitation, increased bowel frequency, insomnia, menstural abnormalities
Hyperthyroidism
74
distinguishing symptom of Grave's disease
Exophthlmos, pretibial myxedema, thyroid bruits
75
drug of choice for hyperthyroidism
methimazole
76
decreased levels of T3 and T4
HYPOTHYROIDISM
77
most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's Syndrome
78
weakness, fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, weight gain, depression, hair loss, menstrual irregularities, hoarseness
HYPOTHYROIDISM
79
test for hypothyroidism
higher TSH levels, followed by low T4 levels
80
drug of choice for hypothyroidism
levothyroxine
81
complication of Hypothyroidism
Myxedema COMA
82
drug of choice for type 2 DM
Metformin
83
IBProfen side effect
GI bleeding
84
Acetaminophen (tylenol) side effect
liver toxicity/damage
85
pinpoint pupil (contraction)
opioids
86
at a young age hyperthyroidism and later in live develop hypothyroidism
hashimotos disease
87
adrenal insufficiency, dark pigmented skin
Addison's disease
88
loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite in someone not trying to lose weight ex: cancer patients, HIV, COPD
cachexia
89
conversion of cell type (barrett's esophagus), reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with another mature differentiated cell type
metaplasia
90
degeneration of tissue
dystrophy
91
parasite isolated in HIV positive patients
cryptosporidium
92
proliferation of cells
hyperplasia
93
newly formed abnormal cells
neoplasia
94
complication of acute type 1 diabetes
diabetic ketoacidosis DKA
95
acute complication of type 2 diabetes
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state HHS
96
deficiency of VIT B3 Niacin, diarrhea, dementia, dermititis
Pellagra
97
deficiency of VIT B1 Thiamine
Wernicke Korsakoff; Beriberi
98
deficincy of B12 cobalamin
pernicious anemia
99
tests for appendicitis
McBurney's Point
100
McMurray test
meniscus tear
101
Valgus press on lateral knee
tests for medial meniscus tear
102
Varus press on medial side of knee
tests for lateral meniscus tear
103
chronic elbow pain medial epicondylitis
playing golf
104
chronic elbow pain lateral epicondylitis
playing tennis
105
Cranial nerve for balance - makes an 8 shape
CN VIII - Vestibular Cochlear (hearing and balance)
106
lasix furosemide depletes?
potassium (diuretic)
107
HIV/AIDS diagnosed by?
ELISA test followed by WESTERN BLOT
108
test for bone density
DEXA 1 to 2.5 osteopenia; 2.5 and lower osteoporosis
109
only contraceptive to protect again STD's and HIV
male condoms
110
tests for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
tinel's sign, phalen's sign, reverse phalen's sign
111
liver produces urea as a waste product of the digestion of protein, what KD tests is a result of this
BUN
112
byproduct of muscle metabolism and removed from the blood by KD
Creatinine
113
Achilles tendon reflex test
S1
114
knee reflex test
L4
115
dorsum of the foot test
L5
116
inguinol dermatome area
L1
117
umbillicous dermatome
T10
118
nipple dermatom
T4
119
perioneal dermatome
S2, S3, S4, S5
120
hepatitis transmitted by blood
Hep B/C
121
hepatitis transmitted by fecal/oral
HEPA/E
122
hepatitis with vaccine
HEPA/B
123
which hepatitis is more chronic
HEPC
124
BMI for obesitiy
greater than 30
125
endometriosis is confirmed by
laparoscopy
126
endometriosis sign and symptoms
urinary bleeding, pain during sex
127
bladder diagnosis
cystoscopy
128
diagnosis of airways
bronchoscopy (rigid used to remove foreign objects)
129
upper GI tract diagnosis (up to duedoneum
endoscopy
130
what is the divider between the upper and lower GI
ligament of treitz
131
diagnosis of lower GI
colonoscopy
132
OTC pregnancy test measures? also can be used for ectopic pregnancy diagnosis
hCG (also confirms if the fetus is lost)
133
most common statin side effect (CoQ10 is blocked by the use of statins)
Myalgia (muscle pain)
