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BIOMED - KIM VIDEOS > DAY1 > Flashcards

DAY1 Flashcards

1
Q

Not cancerous; removeable; do not return; do not spread to other parts of the body

A

BENIGN TUMORS

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2
Q

Cells that grow out of control; invade nearby tissues; spread to other parts of the body;

A

MALIGNANT TUMORS

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3
Q

Move from primary cancer site to secondary site; keeps the name of the original cancer

A

METASTASES

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4
Q

Definitive criteria for malignancy

A

METASTASES

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5
Q

Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue

A

LYMPHOMA

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6
Q

Malignant tumor of fat tissue

A

LIPOMA

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7
Q

Benign tumor of adrenal medulla

A

PHEOCHROMCYTOMA

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8
Q

Tumor that contains cells from other parts of the body

A

TERATOMA

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9
Q

Lining, transport, secretion, absorption ex: GI tract, Hollow organs, skin

A

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

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10
Q

Support, strength, elasticity ex: bone, tendon, fat

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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11
Q

movement ex: cardiac, smooth, skeletal

A

MUSCULAR TISSUE

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12
Q

information synthesis, communication, control ex: brain, spinal cord, nerves

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

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13
Q

cancer from epithelial cells

A

CARCINOMA

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14
Q

cancer from connective tissue (malignant)

A

SARCOMA

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15
Q

cancer from muscular tissue (smooth)

A

LEIOMYOMA

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16
Q

cancer from muscular tissue (striated)

A

RHABDYMA

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17
Q

cancer from nervous system

A

NEUROMA

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18
Q

most common type of skin cancer

A

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

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19
Q

classification of skin type for cancer risk

A

FITZPATRICK SCALE

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20
Q

skin cancer does not metastasize, found in sun exposed areas, telangiectasias, rolled borders, central ulceration

A

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

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21
Q

precursor for squamous cell carcinoma, scaly plaque

A

ACTINIC KERATOSIS

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22
Q

second most common skin cancer, excessive exposure to sunlight, immunosuppresion, arsenic exposure, face lower lip

A

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

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23
Q

precursor of diabetes, black ring discoloration on neck

A

ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS

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24
Q

purple, polygonal, pruritic, plana, papule, plaque

A

LICHEN PLANUS

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25
Q

sign of psoriasis, bleeds when scraped

A

AUSPITZ SIGN

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26
Q

most common cause of skin cancer death; depth of tumor correlates with risk of metastasis (Breslow’s Depth)

A

MELANOMA

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27
Q

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter > 6mm, Evolution over time

A

CHARACTERISTICS OF MELANOMA

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28
Q

precursor of Melanoma

A

DYSPLASTIC NEVUS

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29
Q

device to measure ROM of joints

A

GONIOMETER

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30
Q

patient performs the exercise to move the joint

A

ACTIVE

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31
Q

therapist moves the joint

A

PASSIVE

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32
Q

CYTOCHROME P450; inducer; drug gets weaker

A

ST JOHN’S WORT

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33
Q

CYTOCHROM P450 Inhibitor; drug gets stronger

A

GRAPEFRUIT JUICE

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34
Q

GRAPEFRUIT JUICE CAN INTERACT WITH?

A

STATINS; Zocor, Lipitor, Pravachol

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35
Q

herb that help with menopause, hot flashes

A

BLACK COHOSH

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36
Q

herb that help with anxiety

A

CHAMOMILE

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37
Q

herbs that help with prostate enlargement

A

SAW PALMETTO

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38
Q

Toxicity leads to easy bruising, bleeding, muscle weakness, creatinuria, nausea, gastric distress, abdominal cramps, diarrhea

A

VITAMIN E

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39
Q

yellow orange coloring of the skin, primarily of the palms and soles of the feet, sclerae is white

A

CAROTENEMIA; VIT A TOXICITY

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40
Q

benign neuroma of intermatatarsal plantar nerve; usually between 2nd and 3rd metatarsal or 3rd and 4th

A

MORTON’S NEUROMA

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41
Q

symptoms of MORTON’S NEUROMA

A

pain and/or numbness, relieved by removing

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42
Q

treatment of MORTON’s NEUROMA

A

orthotics or corticosteroid injections

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43
Q

feels like a pebble in their shoe or walking on razor blades

A

MORTON’s NUEROMA

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44
Q

most common cause of heel pain

A

PLANTAR FASCITIS

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45
Q

medication for Gout

A

ALLOPURINOL

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46
Q

4F’s of Cholelithiasis (gall stones)

A

Female, Fat, Forty, Fertile

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47
Q

history of Cholelithiasis

A

Abdominal pain in RUQ; n/v, dyspepsia, flatulence

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48
Q

method of diagnosis

A

ULTRASOUND

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49
Q

Obese female experiences abdominal pain after meal, pain radiates to right subscapular area

A

CHOLELITHIASIS

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50
Q

inflammation of gall bladder

A

CHOLECYSTITIS

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51
Q

abdominal pain radiating to back

A

Abdominal Aortic Anuerysm

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52
Q

epigastric pain radiating to bain

A

PANCREATITIS

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53
Q

unilateral flank pain radiating to groin

A

KIDNEY STONE

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54
Q

test for Cholecystitis

A

MURPHY’s SIGN

55
Q

autodigestion of pancreas by pancreatic enzymes

A

ACUTE PANCREATITIS

56
Q

most important causes of acute pancreatitits

A

Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma (GET SMASHED)

Steroid, Mumps, Autoimmune disease, Scorpion sting, Hypercalcemia, Hypertrigylceridemia, ERCP, Drug

57
Q

increased lipase and amylase in lab test

A

ACUTE Pancreatitis

58
Q

chronic inflammation, atrophy and calcification

A

CHRONIC PANCREATITIS

59
Q

causes of chronic pancreatitis

A

adults - alcohol; children - cystic fibrosis

60
Q

test for cystic fibrosis

A

Sweat Chloride

61
Q

S/S of chronic pancreatitis

A

pancreatic insufficiency, steatorrhea, fat soluble vitamin deficiency, DM, calcification of pancreatitis

62
Q

no symptoms in the beginning, found when it has metastasized

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

63
Q

most common site of pancreatic cancer

64
Q

s/s of pancreatic cancer

A

abdominal pain radiating to the back; migratory thrombophletitis; trousseau syndrome (red tender on palpation of limbs, courvosier sign

65
Q

palpable and nontender enlarged GB, jaundice

A

courvosier sign

66
Q

CA125

A

cancer marker for pancreatic and ovarian cancer

67
Q

CEA

A

cancer marker for colon

68
Q

HER2

A

marker for breast cancer

69
Q

AFP

A

marker for LV cancer

70
Q

most common cause of HYPERTHYROIDISM

A

Grave’s disease

71
Q

diagnosis for hyperthyroidism

A

initial test of low TSH levels

72
Q

complication from hyperthyroidism

A

Thyroid Storm

73
Q

weight loss, heat intolerance, anxiety, palpitation, increased bowel frequency, insomnia, menstural abnormalities

A

Hyperthyroidism

74
Q

distinguishing symptom of Grave’s disease

A

Exophthlmos, pretibial myxedema, thyroid bruits

75
Q

drug of choice for hyperthyroidism

A

methimazole

76
Q

decreased levels of T3 and T4

A

HYPOTHYROIDISM

77
Q

most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s Syndrome

78
Q

weakness, fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, weight gain, depression, hair loss, menstrual irregularities, hoarseness

A

HYPOTHYROIDISM

79
Q

test for hypothyroidism

A

higher TSH levels, followed by low T4 levels

80
Q

drug of choice for hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

81
Q

complication of Hypothyroidism

A

Myxedema COMA

82
Q

drug of choice for type 2 DM

83
Q

IBProfen side effect

A

GI bleeding

84
Q

Acetaminophen (tylenol) side effect

A

liver toxicity/damage

85
Q

pinpoint pupil (contraction)

86
Q

at a young age hyperthyroidism and later in live develop hypothyroidism

A

hashimotos disease

87
Q

adrenal insufficiency, dark pigmented skin

A

Addison’s disease

88
Q

loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite in someone not trying to lose weight ex: cancer patients, HIV, COPD

89
Q

conversion of cell type (barrett’s esophagus), reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with another mature differentiated cell type

A

metaplasia

90
Q

degeneration of tissue

91
Q

parasite isolated in HIV positive patients

A

cryptosporidium

92
Q

proliferation of cells

A

hyperplasia

93
Q

newly formed abnormal cells

94
Q

complication of acute type 1 diabetes

A

diabetic ketoacidosis DKA

95
Q

acute complication of type 2 diabetes

A

hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state HHS

96
Q

deficiency of VIT B3 Niacin, diarrhea, dementia, dermititis

97
Q

deficiency of VIT B1 Thiamine

A

Wernicke Korsakoff; Beriberi

98
Q

deficincy of B12 cobalamin

A

pernicious anemia

99
Q

tests for appendicitis

A

McBurney’s Point

100
Q

McMurray test

A

meniscus tear

101
Q

Valgus press on lateral knee

A

tests for medial meniscus tear

102
Q

Varus press on medial side of knee

A

tests for lateral meniscus tear

103
Q

chronic elbow pain medial epicondylitis

A

playing golf

104
Q

chronic elbow pain lateral epicondylitis

A

playing tennis

105
Q

Cranial nerve for balance - makes an 8 shape

A

CN VIII - Vestibular Cochlear (hearing and balance)

106
Q

lasix furosemide depletes?

A

potassium (diuretic)

107
Q

HIV/AIDS diagnosed by?

A

ELISA test followed by WESTERN BLOT

108
Q

test for bone density

A

DEXA 1 to 2.5 osteopenia; 2.5 and lower osteoporosis

109
Q

only contraceptive to protect again STD’s and HIV

A

male condoms

110
Q

tests for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

tinel’s sign, phalen’s sign, reverse phalen’s sign

111
Q

liver produces urea as a waste product of the digestion of protein, what KD tests is a result of this

112
Q

byproduct of muscle metabolism and removed from the blood by KD

A

Creatinine

113
Q

Achilles tendon reflex test

114
Q

knee reflex test

115
Q

dorsum of the foot test

116
Q

inguinol dermatome area

117
Q

umbillicous dermatome

118
Q

nipple dermatom

119
Q

perioneal dermatome

A

S2, S3, S4, S5

120
Q

hepatitis transmitted by blood

121
Q

hepatitis transmitted by fecal/oral

122
Q

hepatitis with vaccine

123
Q

which hepatitis is more chronic

124
Q

BMI for obesitiy

A

greater than 30

125
Q

endometriosis is confirmed by

A

laparoscopy

126
Q

endometriosis sign and symptoms

A

urinary bleeding, pain during sex

127
Q

bladder diagnosis

A

cystoscopy

128
Q

diagnosis of airways

A

bronchoscopy (rigid used to remove foreign objects)

129
Q

upper GI tract diagnosis (up to duedoneum

130
Q

what is the divider between the upper and lower GI

A

ligament of treitz

131
Q

diagnosis of lower GI

A

colonoscopy

132
Q

OTC pregnancy test measures? also can be used for ectopic pregnancy diagnosis

A

hCG (also confirms if the fetus is lost)

133
Q

most common statin side effect (CoQ10 is blocked by the use of statins)

A

Myalgia (muscle pain)

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