Dar Al-Islam Vocab Flashcards
learn words relating to Islamic empire
Bedouin Tribes
The nomadic people of Arabia, migrated through dessert to find water for their livestock, camels, sheep goats etc.
Organized in family clans and groups that relied on each other for support. Helped them survive in the dessert. Very loyal to clans, remained even after the appearance of Islam
Core Value Ideas: Commitment to Community
Muhammad and the Umma
Muhammad is the final prophet of Allah in Islam. Born 570 CE to respectable family of merchants and became Merchant. 610 had profound spiritual experience and saw visions of God and how he wanted other to live. Became leader of Islamic empire and prophet of Islamic religion. Leaders of Mecca didn’t like Muhammad preaching because he said there was only one god they were pilgrimage site bad for econ kicked him out.
The Umma were Muhammad’s followers that came with him to start Medina. Umma means community of faith. He protected Umma, lead them in prayer and provided for their econ. Also offered relief for poor and orphaned.
Core Value: Commitment to Community, Cooperative and Caring relationships?
The Quran and Hadith
Muhammad speeches were written down and complied by his followers into the Quran. The Quran is written in verse and is the holy book of Islam. It reflects Muhammad’s visions from God and how Muslims should act and social organization.
Hadith is accounts of Muhammad’s deeds and sayings of his. Known as a guide or interpretation of the Quran. Several versions written by Islamic scholars
Core Value: Commitment to Community
Mecca and the Ka’ba
Mecca is the holy city of the Islamic world. It is the birthplace of Muhammad and where Islam really spread. All Muslims are supposed to make a pilgrimage there at some point in their lives.
The Ka’ba is a black cube located in the city of Mecca it was originally worshiped by many religions as a holy site. However when Muhammad took back the city he declared that it was only for Islamic worship and is the home that Abraham built for God.
Core Value Diversity Equity and Inclusion or Respect for Human Difference
Medina and Hijra
Medina is the city that Muhammad and the Umma built when the were exiled from Mecca. It translates to city of the prophet.
The Hijra or migration was the journey that Muhammad took to get to Medina and is the starting point of the Islamic calender
Core Value: No Respect for Human Difference, or Yes Commitment to Community
Sharia and Ulama (qadis)
The Sharia is the law provided by God to Muslims on how to live a good life. It is based on the Quran and the Hadith. Laws must be followed even if humans don’t understand.
The Ulama are those who know and they study and interpret the Sharia. They began after Muhammads death to be religious leaders but they are not priests.
Qadis judged based of Islamic law
Core Value: Commitment to Community, Diversity Equit and Inclusion
Dhimmis and Jizya
Dhimmis were non Muslim citizens in an area conquered by Islam. They were protected by the government and allowed to keep their faith. They were also required to dress a certain way and forbidden from corrupting the Muslim citizens.
Jizya is the tax Dhimmis were required to pay to the government because they weren’t Muslim
Core Value: Diversity Equity and Inclusion or Respect for Human Difference
The 5 Pillars
5 rules all Muslims have to live by
Shahada: Faith: Testify Allah is the only god and Muhammad is his prophet
Salat: Prayer, required to pray 5 times a day, Male believers have sermon on Fridays in Arbaic, sometimes women can attend but seperate
Sawm: Fasting, give up food and drink from sundown to sunset during Ramadan, helps them acknowledge gratitude to God
Zakat: Almsgiving, required to give to less fortinuate every year
Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca, gets title Hajji, lots of repsect
Core Value: Commitment to Community
Sunni and Shi’a
Sunni believe Abu Baker was rightfully the first Caliph
Shi’a believe it should have been Ali, celebrate holidays that honor their martyrs (Suni don’t)
Core Values: Not Cooperative and Caring realtionships, not Commitment to Community, yes respect for Human Difference because still on Faith but different beliefs in faith
Sufis
Sufis believed they could communicate with God if they were in the right state. They could achieve this by fasting dancing mediation etc. Sufi created many rest houses and schools that were the lasting impact of Islam after they were conquered by the Mongols.
Core Value: Commitemnt to Community, Academic Excellence
Rightly Guided Caliphs
Abu Bakr: First caliph, stabilized community, started writing Quran, conquered some of Byzantine and Sossonians
(Commitment to Community)
Ummar: Good general and administrator, assinated
Uthman: standardized Quran, continued conquests, got assinated
Ali: Becoming caliph leads to civil war, assinated
Core Value: No Respect for Human Difference
Ummayad and the Abbisad Caphilates
Ummayad were the administration before Abbisad and primarily focused on conquering and expanding the empire which ultimately weakened them
The Abbisad on the other hand focused on the land they already had and strengthened the empire.
Core Value: Commitment to Community
Expansion of Islam Geographically
The Islamic empire spread from Spain in the east to India in the west
The empire primarily gained land through conquest, trade and incentives to convert (When areas were conqered usually didn’t force religon, only introduced it, got willing converts, sometimes from incentives)
Examples of conquest: Spain, Turkey
Trade: West Africa
Examples of Incentives to convert: Rules of Dhimmis (Turkey Christians saw rules as sign that Islam was true religon)
Core Value: Respect for Human Difference (allowed others to have different religions), Commitment to Community (Commited to spreading religion)
Baghdad and the House of Wisdom
Baghdad known as city of wealth, center of learning. Scholars traveled from all over to study. Because Scholars were from different backgrounds people were able to understand more. Had people of all religions and cultures working on same problems
Ex: Used Hindu math systems, studied Plato and Aristotle, Christians didn’t like, Arabic was common language
Achievements: Created scientific process, trig and algebra, realized illness was airborne and quarantine, made books widespread
The House of Wisdom was one of the best public libraries in Baghdad during the Abbisad rule and was known as a center for public learning, books there were used to preserve and spread the knowledge of the Caphilate
Core Value: Academic Excellence, Commitment to Community
