D5 Climate and viticulture Flashcards
気候（classification/characteristics, wind)と生育への影響
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P warm continental , 70km from ocean
easily reach40℃ in S and freezing W
M warm humid warm summer(20-22℃), lack of W dormancy(16-17℃) most vineyard relatively near coast cool wet north wind high disease pressure
S
V generally warm, Mediterranean
rainfall during growing season is scarce
Tramontane(Roussillon)
warmest, driest(greater transpiration at the end of ripening, speed up accumulation of sugar, high potential alcohol)
Mistral(Rhône),protection from Mistral is necessary
気候（rainfall)と生育(yieldなど）への影響
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P limited rainfall cool rain-bearing Atlantic wind sheltered by Serra do Marão, annual rainfall varies between sub-region more west, wetter and cooler Baixo Corgo: 900mm/year Cima Corogo:700mm/year Douro Superior:450mm/year
M majority of rainfall in W
cool wet wind from north, condense into rain cloud
more rain in northern and center of island
S
V scarce rain during growing season
地形（topography)と生育への影響
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P shelter from Serra do Marão
distance from Atlantic ocean(70km)
very tall & steep slope from bank of Douro
range of microclimates
boundary≒ outline of Schist
enable vine’s roots to access deep under bedrock for water reserve
M Mountainous(up to 1800m) range of microclimates considerably cooler wetter in north and center of island
S
V Pyrenees, Slope
地形（altitude, aspect)と生育への影響
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P Altitude: varies widely in altitude
top and bottom of tall steep slope
Aspect: sunlight exposure and average of temperature varies widely due to aspect even within single vineyard
M Mountainous, vineyard up to 800m
S
V (Rhône)Muscat de Beaumes de Venise
south-east facing slope, shelter from mistral
(Rhône)Vin de Naturel Rasteau
south facing slope, maximum exposure to sunlight, some protection from Mistral
土壌(soil character)と生育への影響
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P stony, shallow, free-draining, schist bedrock(important in viability of grape growing)
poor in nutrients
crumble easily, penetrate, allow vine’s roots to access deep into the water reserve
M volcanic origin soil, high in nutrients
fertile condition, plus plenty of rain - therefore vigorous
S Albariza(mainly, mixture of limestone, clay,silica ) form crust(retain water), dug hole in W(keep water) good drainage, good water retention
V Roussillon
Banyuls: steep terraced Schist soil
Maury: dark colored schist soil
retain heat during daytime, release in night, aid ripening
VITICULTURE(planting material/品種,root stock)
と生育への影響
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P preferred 5 varieties for premium wine complex blend of many varieties field blend(different variety mixed in vineyard) old vine(vinha velha) more than 100 approved for Port black fruits, thick-skin(H tannin, flavor intensity), floral make use of different character reduce vintage variation old vine is key for premium-super premium wine
100R/1103P、hybrid of v. rupestris, v.berlandieri
tolerant of drought
M Permitted Vinifera varieties
historical: noble, good, authorized
Sercial, Verdelho, Boal, Malvasiaがnoble
Tinta Negraはgoodだった
Currently: recommended, authorized
authorized はmainly varieties arrived after phylloxera
a is not same quality to r
recommended はterrantez, Tinta Negratとnoble４種
S Palomino
Pedro Ximenez
V Muscat, Grenache Noir(majority)
Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains
Grenache(Noir, 他はgris, blanc)
late ripening, high yield,
high PA suitable for fortified
VITICULTURE(Planting system, density, mechanization)
と生育への影響
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P Socalcos (stony wall/UNESCO, 6000/ha)
not suitable, partially with low density
Patamares(steep ramp wall/2 types(Large/narrow))
(3000-3500/ha) truck bring small tractor
Vinha ao Alto(low angle slope, vertically plant)
(5000/ha) operate up and down slope
1 row: even ripeness
M many vineyard are terraced due to steep slope
S
V Banyuls: east end of Pyrenees, steep slope
Maury: foothill(100-400) of Pyrenees
VITICULTURE(canopy management(trellised, pruning))
と生育・スタイルへの影響
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P Promote even sun exposure & ripening
Allow mechanization where available
VSP trellised, Cordon-trained spur pruned or
Head-trained cane pruned
Ensure exposure especially for late ripening V reduce fungal diseases Summer pruning
M reduce fungal disease by improving air circulation
effective use of limited vineyard area
(grow other crop under the vine)
“Latadas” = Pergola system
“espaldeira” = VSP trellised
leaf removal
S
V reduce the risk of sunburn
prevent excessive grape shriveling
(especially for Muscat for unaged style)
Shady canopy
VITICULTURE(other managements)
と生育・スタイルへの影響
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P prevent erosion, improve soil structure, weeds
cover crop for Vinha ao Alta
control weeds
Herbicide for Patamares
M -
S
V -
VITICULTURE(pest ,disease)
と生育(yield)・スタイルへの影響
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P Late spring frost @ highest altitudes
Disrupt flowering/fruit set @cool wet weather from 西
Downy mildew, Botrytis BR@ 特にwetter Bixo Corgo
M High disease pressure due to warm humid condition
(Botrytis BR, mildew(downy, powdery))
espaldeira, leaf removal, latadas( air circulation)
usually need fungicides
S
V
VITICULTURE(harvest)
とスタイルへの影響
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P Steep slope(rise up from Douro)
>Hand harvest at almost all vineyards
different microclimates, grape variety, ripening timing, picked at optimum ripeness >spread over several weeks Labor source shortage(depopulation, ageing) developing suitable machine harvester
M terraced vineyard on steep slope(mountainous)
typically done by hand
IVBAM decide harvest date discussed with grower and producers (end of August to begin of September) >usually picked at 11% potential alcohol but 9% for Terrantez (to avoid disease) >health and variety of grape influence price
S -
V Potential alcohol min. 14.8%
steep slope >tend to be hand harvest
not desired late harvest
>retain as much acidity as possible to balance with residual sugar
not desired botrytis character
>not to overpower Muscat Primary aroma
YIELD(Max permitted, usual)とその理由
Port
Madeira
Sherry
VDN
P Max. 55hl/ha
water stress decrease to 30hl/ha
M Max. depends on vintage condition
150hl/ha is not unusual (fertile promote vigour)
Tinta Negra, Malvasia de São Jorge,
high planting & yield
S
V max 30hl/ha small in all AOC
RAINFALL/IRRIGATIONと生育への影響 Port Madeira Sherry VDN
P little natural water(deep under bedrock)
irrigation is restricted(only permitted in exceptional
(drought, extreme hydric stress)
main source for vine
M plentiful water for irrigation
“levadas” = small irrigation channel widely practiced
from center of island to south of island
Boal cachudo, loves warm & lower altitudes
prone to drought needs adequate irrigation
S
V -
