CVS Pathology

Question 1

This population particularly susceptible to developing transposition of the great arteries.

Answer 1

Infants of diabetic mothers

Question 2

Tree bark appearance of the aorta is seen in

Answer 2

Syphilitic heart disease

Question 3

Explain the pathophysiology of pulsus paradoxus in cardiac tamponade.

Answer 3

Pulsus paradoxus is the decrease in BP (>10 mmHg) noted during inspiration. With inspiration, decreased intrathoracic pressure increases venous return. When there is equilibration of diastolic pressures (as in cardiac tamponade), the greater volume in the RV ‘bulges into’ the LV, impairing diastolic filling and CO.

Question 4

Arteritis with association to:

1. Polymyalgia rheumatica
2. Hepatitis B seropositivity

Answer 4

1. Temporal arteritis

2. Polyarteritis nodosa

Question 5

Triad of Wegener’s granulomatosis

Answer 5

Focal necrotizing vasculitis
Necrotizing granulomas in the lung and upper airway
Necrotizing GN

Question 6

Vasculitis associated with IgA nephropathy. Triad?

Answer 6

Henoch-Schonlein

Triad:

1. Purpura (on buttocks/legs)
2. Arthralgia
3. GI (abdominal pain)

Question 7

Cavernous lymphangioma of the neck. This is associated with which syndrome?

Answer 7

Cystic hygroma.

Turner’s syndrome