Blood Flashcards
What is Factor V Leiden?
Factor V resistant to degradation by activated Protein C.
Activated Protein C inactivates which two factors?
Factor V
Factor VIII
Reduced Vitamin K acts as a cofactor in the activation of which factors.
Factor II Factor VII Factor IX Factor X Protein C Protein S
Antithrombin inhibits activated forms of:
Factor II Factor VII Factor IX Factor X Factor XI Factor XII
This enzyme ‘regenerates’ ‘active’ reduced Vitamin K from oxidized Vitamin K. Inhibited by warfarin.
Epoxide reductase
What activates prekallikrein? What does activated kallikrein consequently activate?
Factor XII converts prekallikrein to kallikrein.
Kallikrein then converts plasminogen to plasmin; and HMWK to bradykinin.
Activated plasmin converts C3 to C3a.
Does NO promote or inhibit platelet aggregation?
Inhibit! Along with PGI2
Deficiency of Gp1b:
Deficiency of Gp2b/3a:
Deficiency of Gp1b: Bernard-Soulier
Deficiency of Gp2b/3a: Glanzmann
Examples of Gp2b/3a inhibitors:
Abciximab
What conditions decrease ESR?
Polycythemia Sickle cell anemia CHF Microcytosis Hypofibrinogenemia
Acanthocyte is seen in which conditions.
Liver disease
Abetalipoproteinemia
Target cell seen in:
HbC
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia
HALT, said the hunter to its TARGET.
Basosphilic stippling seen in:
ALT!
Anemia of chronic disease
Lead poisoning
Thalassemia
What exactly are Heinz bodies? Howell Jolly bodies?
Heinz bodies are denatured, precipitated Hg. Due to oxidative stress (as in G6P deficiency), Fe2+ oxidized to Fe3+.
Howell Jolly bodies are nuclear remnants. Seen in hyposplenia (sickle cell disease), asplenia or mothball ingestion.
How does orotic aciduria cause megaloblastic anemia?
Orotic aciduria results from deficiency in enzymes which catabolize orotic acid in pyrimidine synthesis. During pyrimidine synthesis, a metabolite essential in the conversion of di- and tetrahydrofolate. Megaloblastic anemia develops due to subsequent Vitamin B12 deficiency in this condition.
