CVS DR vids

Question 1

what are the two layers of the pericardium?

Answer 1

fibrous pericardium (outer)

serous pericardium (inner)

Question 2

layers of the serous pericardium?

Answer 2

visceral layer (area in contact with the heart)
>also synonymous with the epicardium

parietal layer (layer that is in contact with the fibrous pericardium)

Question 3

what does the right phrenic nerve supply?

Answer 3

diaphragm and pericardium

Question 4

what are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

Answer 4

epicardium- outermost layer (visceral)
myocardium- cardiac muscle layer
endocardium- thin layer inside heart

Question 5

what is the role of the serous pericardium?

Answer 5

contains pericardial fluid > lubrication. enables heart to move freely

Question 6

what is tunica adventitia of the vessels?

Answer 6

outermost connective tissue layer sitting around the blood vessel
fibrous layer of pericardium is continuous with this
> restricts volume contained in blood vessel

Question 7

what is the role of fibrous pericardium?

Answer 7

prevents excess filling of the heart and excess movement.

Question 8

what is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 8

blood or fluids fill the pericardial space
> restricted filling of the heart (limits end diastolic volume)
compression inwards, compresses heart as heart can’t expand due to fibrous pericardium.

high central venous pressure (bulging neck veins JVP)
low arterial blood pressure

Question 9

which are the 2 vessels of the heart that take blood away?

Answer 9

aorta and pulmonary trunk

‘the great vessels’

Question 10

what is the sinus(es) of the heart?

Answer 10

transverse pericardial sinus
=space behind the great vessels.
a result of embryonic folding

oblique sinus
=located posteriorly.
behind the atria (particularly the left atrium), and in between left and right pulmonary veins.

Question 11

what is the coronary sinus?

Answer 11

collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the myocardium.
It delivers less-oxygenated blood to the right atrium

bluest blood to the heart

Question 12

what are the 6 veins of the heart?

Answer 12

inferior vena cava (drains blood into right atria)
superior vena cava
LEFT inferior pulmonary vein
LEFT superior pulmonary vein
RIGHT inferior pulmonary vein
RIGHT superior pulmonary vein

Question 13

what are the oracles?

Answer 13

ear like, muscular projection from atria.
hug around the two great vessels.

R+L CA are situated R/L oracle.

Question 14

what does the LCA divide into?

Answer 14

stubby
quickly divides into LAD
and circumflex (runs down the atrioventricular groove/sulcus)

Question 15

what is the atrioventricular sulcus?

Answer 15

division between atrium and ventricles

RCA goes around it and L circumflex goes around it in opposite direction

Question 16

what is the fossa ovale?

Answer 16

remnants of the foramen ovale

shunting of umbilical vein from the right to left side of the heart.

Question 17

what are trabecular carnae?

Answer 17

meaty ridges on wall of ventricles

rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart.

Question 18

what are chordae tendineae?

Answer 18

heart strings

attach to valve cusps. capillary muscles pull on them. move the cusps > prevent back flow of blood.

Question 19

how many cusps does aortic/ mitral/ pulmonary/tricuspid valve have?

where are they found?
alternative names?

Answer 19

mitral (bicuspid/L AV)- 2
tricuspid (right atrioventricular)- 3
also both referred to as the atrioventricular valves as then join the atria to ventricles

aortic- 3
between RIGHT ventricle and aorta
pulmonary-3
between LEFT ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 20

When do coronary arteries fill?

Answer 20

during DIASTOLE!

contrary to normal artery filling

Question 21

From which structure do the coronary arteries originate?

Answer 21

arise from the aortic sinuses, which are found on the wall of the aorta superior to the leaflets of the aortic valve.

Question 22

Which valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

Answer 22

tricuspid

Question 23

Which coronary artery supplies the lateral aspect of the heart?

Answer 23

circumflex

Question 24

What are the branches from the arch of the aorta?

Answer 24

left common carotid, left subclavian and brachiocephalic.

Question 25

what does the R and L subclavian artery branch from?

Answer 25

brachiocephalic artery

Question 26

Into which structure does the coronary sinus drain?

Answer 26

R Atrium