CVS DR vids Flashcards
what are the two layers of the pericardium?
fibrous pericardium (outer)
serous pericardium (inner)
layers of the serous pericardium?
visceral layer (area in contact with the heart) >also synonymous with the epicardium
parietal layer (layer that is in contact with the fibrous pericardium)
what does the right phrenic nerve supply?
diaphragm and pericardium
what are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
epicardium- outermost layer (visceral)
myocardium- cardiac muscle layer
endocardium- thin layer inside heart
what is the role of the serous pericardium?
contains pericardial fluid > lubrication. enables heart to move freely
what is tunica adventitia of the vessels?
outermost connective tissue layer sitting around the blood vessel
fibrous layer of pericardium is continuous with this
> restricts volume contained in blood vessel
what is the role of fibrous pericardium?
prevents excess filling of the heart and excess movement.
what is cardiac tamponade?
blood or fluids fill the pericardial space
> restricted filling of the heart (limits end diastolic volume)
compression inwards, compresses heart as heart can’t expand due to fibrous pericardium.
high central venous pressure (bulging neck veins JVP)
low arterial blood pressure
which are the 2 vessels of the heart that take blood away?
aorta and pulmonary trunk
‘the great vessels’
what is the sinus(es) of the heart?
transverse pericardial sinus
=space behind the great vessels.
a result of embryonic folding
oblique sinus
=located posteriorly.
behind the atria (particularly the left atrium), and in between left and right pulmonary veins.
what is the coronary sinus?
collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the myocardium.
It delivers less-oxygenated blood to the right atrium
bluest blood to the heart
what are the 6 veins of the heart?
inferior vena cava (drains blood into right atria) superior vena cava LEFT inferior pulmonary vein LEFT superior pulmonary vein RIGHT inferior pulmonary vein RIGHT superior pulmonary vein
what are the oracles?
ear like, muscular projection from atria.
hug around the two great vessels.
R+L CA are situated R/L oracle.
what does the LCA divide into?
stubby quickly divides into LAD and circumflex (runs down the atrioventricular groove/sulcus)
what is the atrioventricular sulcus?
division between atrium and ventricles
RCA goes around it and L circumflex goes around it in opposite direction
what is the fossa ovale?
remnants of the foramen ovale
shunting of umbilical vein from the right to left side of the heart.
what are trabecular carnae?
meaty ridges on wall of ventricles
rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart.
what are chordae tendineae?
heart strings
attach to valve cusps. capillary muscles pull on them. move the cusps > prevent back flow of blood.
how many cusps does aortic/ mitral/ pulmonary/tricuspid valve have?
where are they found?
alternative names?
mitral (bicuspid/L AV)- 2
tricuspid (right atrioventricular)- 3
also both referred to as the atrioventricular valves as then join the atria to ventricles
aortic- 3
between RIGHT ventricle and aorta
pulmonary-3
between LEFT ventricle and pulmonary artery
When do coronary arteries fill?
during DIASTOLE!
contrary to normal artery filling
From which structure do the coronary arteries originate?
arise from the aortic sinuses, which are found on the wall of the aorta superior to the leaflets of the aortic valve.
Which valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
tricuspid
Which coronary artery supplies the lateral aspect of the heart?
circumflex
What are the branches from the arch of the aorta?
left common carotid, left subclavian and brachiocephalic.
