CV 1 Flashcards
why stop naproxen before contrast dye
NSAIDs like naproxen are withheld d/u impact on renal prostaglandin production
metformin and contrast dye
this combo can cause lactic acidosis and impair kidney function - stop 48 hours before getting contrast dye
why stop furosemide before contrast dye
can contribute to volume depletion
thiazide diuretics have a secondary effect of increasing what
serum calcium by decreasing fluid which makes more calcium available for absorption and can be helpful as an adjunct for patients who also are being treated for osteoporosis
impede movement of calcium into cells
CCB
MVP with no symptoms of arrhythmias or ectopy at rest f/u
no further f/u - check annually
med indicated to alleviate atrial or ventricular arrhythmias associated with MVP
BBs like metoprolol
serum total and HDL levels in fasting and non fasting pts
there are very small and clinically insignificant differences in values whether fasting or not; the primary effect of eating on a patient’s lipid values is elevation of triglyceride levels
max elevated of trig levels occurs when
3-4 hours after eating but may be several peaks during 12 hour period - need a 12 hour fast
screening for hyperlipidemia - fast for how long
12-14 hours
when and what to monitor after starting ACE I
in 1 week check K, BUN, and Cr
most cost effective way to screen for AAA
abd US - although it can be seen on plain film, CT, and MRI
which lipid particle has the greatest atherogenic effect
LDL and is the primary target when patients are treated pharmacologically
the most common arrhythmia associated with MR is
a fib
a fib occurs because the
fibers in the atrium are stretched as the atrium dilates and this stretch results in conduction defects, notable, a fib
MR has caused a fib - next intervention
anticoagulation
evidence does or does not support routine EKG or cardiac testing in patients who are asymptomatic prior to starting new exercise programs?
does not support this testing - inform pt to watch for s/sx and stop if they develop CP or SOB
systolic HF occurs where
in the heart’s left ventricle
which class of medication is frequently used to improve long-term outcomes in patients with systolic dysfunction
ACE I as they reduce morbidity and mortality
med class that can potentially worsen HF, so monitor carefully although they can decrease morbidity and mortality
BBs
do CCBs warrant monitoring of K levels
no
hydrochlorothiazide - K level
can cause hypokalemia, monitor
isolated systolic HTN is best treated with what
long-acting CCB, particularly those that end in -pine e.g. amlodipine (dihydropyridine CCB)
ACE-Is should be d/c immediately in who
pregnant individuals due to teratogenic effects on the renal system of the developing fetus
