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Microbiology > Cumulative Course Review Questions > Flashcards

Cumulative Course Review Questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for forming the length of the leading strand during DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase III

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2
Q

Which of the following has a thick cell wall?

Gram negative cells
Viruses
Protozoal cells
Gram positive cells

A

only Gram-positive cells

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3
Q

Some animal viruses release by lysis.
true or false?

A

true

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4
Q

How do prions replicate?

A

one form touches another form

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5
Q

Refrigeration can lengthen (prolong) which phase of the population growth curve?

A

Death

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6
Q

Where does fermentation take place in eukaryotic cells?

A

In the cytoplasm

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7
Q

What tool of the lab would allow a scientist to make many copies of a specific region of DNA?

A

PCR

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8
Q

Viruses can exchange DNA between two bacterial cells using:

A

transduction

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9
Q

Which of the following methods of counting cell concentration would give you results within a half hour?

Slide cytometer
Viable cell count
Spectrophotometer
Turbidity analysis

A

Slide cytometer
Spectrophotometer
Turbidity analysis

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10
Q

Which of the following is found in a prion?

protein
lipid
nucleic acid
disaccharide

A

protein

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11
Q

Which of the following works by blocking bacterial cell walls from forming?

penicillin
cephalosporin
sulfonamide
azithromycin

A

penicillin
cephalosporin

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12
Q

Which of the following helps bacteria swim?

pili
fimbriae
axial filaments
flagella

A

axial filaments
flagella

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13
Q

What gives DNA its charge?

A

Phosphate

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14
Q

The 3’ end of DNA is:

A

the end where new nucleotides can be added

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15
Q

The first phase of a population growth curve is:

A

lag

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16
Q

The most ATP is made in:

A

the respiratory chain

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17
Q

Which organelles does the Endosymbiotic Hypothesis explain the existence of?

A

Chloroplasts
Mitochondria

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18
Q

How many (net) ATP are generated in glycolysis from one glucose molecule?

A

2

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19
Q

Which organisms have operons?

Protozoa
Fungi
Bacteria
Algae

A

only Bacteria

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20
Q

Where does the respiratory chain take place in bacteria?

A

Along the plasma membrane

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21
Q

Which of the following requires ATP?

endocytosis
group translocation
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
ion pumps

A

endocytosis
group translocation
ion pumps

22
Q

The first step of viral replication is:

A

adsorption

23
Q

Which of the following is true of mitochondria?

They have their own ribosomes
They have two membrane layers
They divide independently from the cell
They can be affected by antibiotics
They have their own DNA

A

All of them are correct

24
Q

Which antibiotics are known for causing allergic reactions in many patients?

A

penicillin
sulfonamides

25
Q

What is the enzyme complex responsible for translation?

A

Ribosome

26
Q

How does Purrell (isopropanol) work to destroy SARS-CoV-2?

A

dissolves membrane lipids and coagulates proteins

27
Q

Reverse transcriptase is used in which step of viral replication?

A

synthesis

28
Q

Endospores are highly resistant to:

A

environmental changes

29
Q

What structure is involved in breaking down microbial materials brought inside a white blood cell?

A

Lysosome

30
Q

All viruses have:

A

a capsid

31
Q

Plasmids are:

used in genetic engineering
all the genes required for life of the organism
found in bacteria
made of DNA

A

used in genetic engineering

found in bacteria

made of DNA

32
Q

To count cells under a microscope, you would use a:

A

slide cytometer

33
Q

Pyruvic acid is generated (made) in:

A

glycolysis

34
Q

A missense mutation changes:

A

a nucleotide and an amino acid

35
Q

Which of the following has a plasma membrane and an outer membrane?

Protozoal cells
Gram negative cells
Gram positive cells
Helminths

A

Gram negative cells

36
Q

What does ATP synthase use as its energy source?

A

Proton concentration gradient

37
Q

Two proteins have the exact same amino acid sequence, even though the genes that make them have different DNA sequences. This is a result of:

A

silent mutations

38
Q

Which enzyme is involved in forming phosphodiester bonds?

A

ligase

39
Q

What are the first enzyme(s) used in DNA replication?

A

gyrase and helicase

40
Q

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is amphipathic?

soap
bleach
hydrogen peroxide
phenol

A

soap

41
Q

Where does aerobic cellular respiration take place?

A

Mitochondria

42
Q

Which viral structure helps with attachment to the host cell?

A

spikes

43
Q

Which method of genetic recombination is most widely used by genetic engineers?

A

transformation

44
Q

Where do you find peptidoglycan?

A

Cell walls of bacteria

45
Q

Which of the following structures on eukaryotic cells help them swim?

Flagella
Glycocalyx
Cilia

A

Flagella
Cilia

46
Q

Which tool of the lab would allow a molecular geneticist to separate out DNA based on its size?

A

gel electrophoresis

47
Q

What is the biggest difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

prokaryotes do not have a nucleus whereas eukaryotes do

48
Q

Penicillinases do what?

A

destroy penicillin

49
Q

Prions are very

A

hardy (resistant to environmental changes)

50
Q

Transcription and translation can happen at the same time in:

A

Bacteria

Microbiology (18 decks)

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