Cumulative Course Review Questions Flashcards
Which enzyme is responsible for forming the length of the leading strand during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase III
Which of the following has a thick cell wall?
Gram negative cells
Viruses
Protozoal cells
Gram positive cells
only Gram-positive cells
Some animal viruses release by lysis.
true or false?
true
How do prions replicate?
one form touches another form
Refrigeration can lengthen (prolong) which phase of the population growth curve?
Death
Where does fermentation take place in eukaryotic cells?
In the cytoplasm
What tool of the lab would allow a scientist to make many copies of a specific region of DNA?
PCR
Viruses can exchange DNA between two bacterial cells using:
transduction
Which of the following methods of counting cell concentration would give you results within a half hour?
Slide cytometer
Viable cell count
Spectrophotometer
Turbidity analysis
Slide cytometer
Spectrophotometer
Turbidity analysis
Which of the following is found in a prion?
protein
lipid
nucleic acid
disaccharide
protein
Which of the following works by blocking bacterial cell walls from forming?
penicillin
cephalosporin
sulfonamide
azithromycin
penicillin
cephalosporin
Which of the following helps bacteria swim?
pili
fimbriae
axial filaments
flagella
axial filaments
flagella
What gives DNA its charge?
Phosphate
The 3’ end of DNA is:
the end where new nucleotides can be added
The first phase of a population growth curve is:
lag
The most ATP is made in:
the respiratory chain
Which organelles does the Endosymbiotic Hypothesis explain the existence of?
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
How many (net) ATP are generated in glycolysis from one glucose molecule?
2
Which organisms have operons?
Protozoa
Fungi
Bacteria
Algae
only Bacteria
Where does the respiratory chain take place in bacteria?
Along the plasma membrane
Which of the following requires ATP?
endocytosis
group translocation
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
ion pumps
endocytosis
group translocation
ion pumps
The first step of viral replication is:
adsorption
Which of the following is true of mitochondria?
They have their own ribosomes
They have two membrane layers
They divide independently from the cell
They can be affected by antibiotics
They have their own DNA
All of them are correct
Which antibiotics are known for causing allergic reactions in many patients?
penicillin
sulfonamides
What is the enzyme complex responsible for translation?
Ribosome
How does Purrell (isopropanol) work to destroy SARS-CoV-2?
dissolves membrane lipids and coagulates proteins
Reverse transcriptase is used in which step of viral replication?
synthesis
Endospores are highly resistant to:
environmental changes
What structure is involved in breaking down microbial materials brought inside a white blood cell?
Lysosome
All viruses have:
a capsid
Plasmids are:
used in genetic engineering
all the genes required for life of the organism
found in bacteria
made of DNA
used in genetic engineering
found in bacteria
made of DNA
To count cells under a microscope, you would use a:
slide cytometer
Pyruvic acid is generated (made) in:
glycolysis
A missense mutation changes:
a nucleotide and an amino acid
Which of the following has a plasma membrane and an outer membrane?
Protozoal cells
Gram negative cells
Gram positive cells
Helminths
Gram negative cells
What does ATP synthase use as its energy source?
Proton concentration gradient
Two proteins have the exact same amino acid sequence, even though the genes that make them have different DNA sequences. This is a result of:
silent mutations
Which enzyme is involved in forming phosphodiester bonds?
ligase
What are the first enzyme(s) used in DNA replication?
gyrase and helicase
Which of the following antimicrobial agents is amphipathic?
soap
bleach
hydrogen peroxide
phenol
soap
Where does aerobic cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
Which viral structure helps with attachment to the host cell?
spikes
Which method of genetic recombination is most widely used by genetic engineers?
transformation
Where do you find peptidoglycan?
Cell walls of bacteria
Which of the following structures on eukaryotic cells help them swim?
Flagella
Glycocalyx
Cilia
Flagella
Cilia
Which tool of the lab would allow a molecular geneticist to separate out DNA based on its size?
gel electrophoresis
What is the biggest difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotes do not have a nucleus whereas eukaryotes do
Penicillinases do what?
destroy penicillin
Prions are very
hardy (resistant to environmental changes)
Transcription and translation can happen at the same time in:
Bacteria
