Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOSCI107 - 2021 > CSF: recap > Flashcards

CSF: recap Flashcards

1
Q

Size and general purpose of the Nucleus

A
  • the largest distinct structure inside the cell
  • house and protect DNA (euk)
  • RNA and ribosome production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the nucleus regulate movement

A

via the pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the nucleus and molecules

A

molecule segregation to allow temporal and spatial control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what affects DNA accessibility

A

the extent of coiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ribosome function

A

protein production (translation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is the ribosome found

A

free, making proteins in the cytosol OR

attached to ER - making secreted membrane or organelle proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

do ribosomes have a membrane?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does translation occur?

A

the ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rough ER structure

A

continuous with the nuclear envelope, dotted with attached ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what 3 things do the rough ER help with the production of?

A
  • secreted proteins
  • membrane proteins
  • organelle proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

smooth ER structure

A
  • extends from the RER

- lack ribosomes - doesn’t make proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

smooth ER function

A

synthesizes lipids and steroids, storage of cell-specific proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Golgi function

A
  • modify, sort, package and transport proteins from RER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens to proteins in the golgi

A

enzymes modify them in each cisternae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lysosomes function to digest three things

A
  • substances that enter a cell
  • cell components e.g. organelles - autophagy
  • entire cells autolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mitochondria functions

A

generation of ATP through cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cytoskeleton is

A

structural support of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

three types of cytoskeleton fibres

A
  • microfilaments
  • intermediate filaments
  • microtubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Microfilament composition

A

7nm, Actin

20
Q

Intermediate filaments composition

A

10nm, Keratin

21
Q

microtubules composition

A

25nm, Tubulin

22
Q

transcription

A

from RNA to DNA

23
Q

processing

A

of the pre-mRNA transcript

24
Q

Translation

A

of the mRNA transcript to a protein

25
Q

SRP

A

signal recognition particle

26
Q

Signal peptide

A

at N terminus of the protein (~20aa)

27
Q

where does translation commence

A

on free ribosomes for ALL proteins

28
Q

endomembrane system

A

RER, golgi, vesicles, membrane

29
Q

what happens to proteins

A

will be secreted or will form parts of the membrane

30
Q

DNA sequence determines

A

protein sequence

31
Q

protein sequence determines

A

its structure and function

32
Q

DNA mutations can affect

A

the ability of the protein to function

33
Q

how do cells communicate?

A

cells respond to signals from other cells and from the environment

34
Q

what stage and how many proteins are activated

A

during transduction multiple proteins are activated, usually via phosphorylation

35
Q

receptors are

A

specific

36
Q

what determines function

A

conformational changes

37
Q

how are signals relayed in signal transduction

A

signals relayed from receptors to target molecules within the cell via a ‘cascade’ of molecular interactions

38
Q

mitosis is

A

somatic cell division (2n»»2n)

39
Q

purpose of mitosis is

A

growth and development

40
Q

result of mitosis

A

two daughter cells that are genetically identical to parent cells

41
Q

MPF does what

A

phosphorylates many other proteins allowing mitosis to commence

42
Q

what happens if the cell cycle is uncontrolled?

A

CANCER

43
Q

no brakes =

A

deactivation of tumour suppressor genes

44
Q

over accelerators =

A

over-activation of proto-oncogenes

45
Q

how many mutations typically form a malignant tumour

A

5 :)

BIOSCI107 - 2021 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions