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BIOSCI107 - 2021 > Cells and Tissues: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective Tissue equation

A

CT = ECM + Cells

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2
Q

Extra Cellular Matrix

A

made of ground substance and protein fibres (secreted by ECM cells), structure of ECM dictates tissue qualities

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3
Q

Ground Substance

A

Composed of Water, proteins, polysaccharides (sugars) i.e. glycosaminoglycans. join with core proteins = proteoglycans

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4
Q

Glycosaminoglycans sulphated

A

Sulphated examples - dermatan, heparin, keratan, chondroitin sulphate bind to form proteoglycans

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5
Q

Glycosaminoglycans non-sulphated acid + characteristics

A

Hyaluronic acid - is not sulphated nor covalently bonded.

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6
Q

Glycosaminoglycans trap water to make GS what?

A

more jelly like!

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7
Q

function of Hyaluronic acid

A

binds cells, lubricates joints, maintains eyeball shape

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8
Q

Hyaluronidase function and production

A

Produced by white blood cells, sperm and bacteria - makes ground substance more liquid

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9
Q

Chondroitin Sulphate use

A

Support, provide adhesive features of cartilage, bone, skin, blood vessels

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10
Q

Karatan Sulphate use

A

found in bone, cartilage, cornea

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11
Q

Dermatan Sulphate use

A

found in skin, tendons, blood vessels, heart valves

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12
Q

three different types of connective tissue fibres

A

collagen, reticular, elastic

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13
Q

Collagen Fibres

A

strong + flexible, 25% of body, parallel bundles - bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

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14
Q

Reticular fibres

A

collagen fine bundles coated in glycoprotein, made by fibroblasts, strength and support, part of basement membrane, thinner branches through tissue forming networks - nerve fibres, smooth muscle tissue

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15
Q

Elastic Fibres

A

Thinner than collagen fibres, protein elastin surrounded by glycoprotein fibrillin for more strength+stability, stretched 150% no break - skin, blood vessels and lung

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16
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

elastic fibres defect, chromosome 15 - fibrilin, transforming growth factor beta 1/20000

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17
Q

two common connective tissue cells types

A

Fibroblasts, Adipocytes (fat cells)

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18
Q

Fibroblasts

A

widely distributed connective tissue, migratory - secrete matrix components fibres and GS

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19
Q

Adipocytes (fat cells)

A

Under skin around organs - store triglycerides

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20
Q

Macrophages (histiocytes) wandering

A

Phagocytic cells, wandering CT to infection,inflamation,injury

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21
Q

Macrophages (histiocytes) fixed LUNGS

A

dust cells

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22
Q

Macrophages (histiocytes) fixed LIVER

A

Kupffer cells

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23
Q

Macrophages (histiocytes) SKIN

A

Langerhan’s cells

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24
Q

Plasma Cells

A
  • form b-lymphocytes (antibodies)

- CT sites i.e. lung, salivary glands, lymph nodes, spleen, red bone marrow

25
Q

Mast cells

A

Histamine to dilates vessels - alongside blood vessels

26
Q

Leucocytes

A

white blood cells i.e. neutrophils, eosinphils - from blood

27
Q

two connective tissue classifications

A

Embryonic, mature

28
Q

Mesenchyme (embryonic)

A

the OG made from mesenchymal cells, semi-fluid GS of reticular fibres

29
Q

Mucous

A

Mucous CT scattered fibroblasts in GS, supports Umbilical cord

30
Q

Loose connective tissue AREOLAR

A

loose areaolar, three types of fibres present - collagen, reticular and elastic - widely distributed

31
Q

Loose connective tissue ADIPOSE

A

loose, Adipocytes dominant, central triglyceride droplet, found with areolar CT, insulation, energy source, temp control

32
Q

Connective tissue RETICULAR

A

thin reticular fibre network (thin type of collagen), stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, stroma of organs, bunds smooth muscle cells, filters & removes worn-out blood cells in spleen; microbes in lymph nodes

33
Q

Dense REGULAR connective tissue

A

Tendons (m - b), Ligaments (b - b), aponeuroses (m - m), regularly arranged collagen, shiny white, Colfib not living tissue, slow healing, attachment

34
Q

Dense IRREGULAR connective tissue

A

made of col fib irregularly arranged w/ fibroblasts, located reticular dermis, periosteum of bone - tensile strength

35
Q

Dense ELASTIC connective tissue

A

mainly elastic fibres w/ fibroblasts between them, lung tissue, trachea, walls of elastic arteries, stretching of organs, strong, recoils to original shape

36
Q

supporting CT: Hyaline Cartilage

A

lots, weak resilient gel with fibres not obvious. - anterior ends of ribs, respiratory cartilage - flexibility and movement

37
Q

Compact bone

A
  • many rod shaped units osteons or haversian systems
  • cortical bone
  • outer layer of bone - shaft of long bones
38
Q

Spongy Bone

A
  • porous inner bone lies under compact bone
  • cancellous bone
  • lacks osteons
39
Q

Compact bone

A
  • many rod shaped units osteons or haversian systems
  • cortical bone
  • outer layer of bone - shaft of long bones
  • protection and support
40
Q

Spongy Bone

A
  • porous inner bone lies under compact bone
  • cancellous bone
  • lacks osteons
  • produces blood cells (red marrow)
  • stores triglycerides (yellow)
41
Q

four bone cell types

A
  • Osteogenic cells
  • osteoblasts
  • osteocytes
  • osteoclasts
42
Q

Osteogenic cells (goes to blast) 1-2

A
  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • lays down collagen then gets trapped
  • becomes osteoblasts
43
Q

Osteoblasts (goes to cytes) 2-3

A
  • bone-forming
  • lay down more collagen
  • bone mineralization process starts
44
Q

Osteocytes (goes to clasts) 3-4

A
  • mature bone cells
  • trapped in extracellular matrix
  • maintina bone tissue
  • exchange of nutrients and waste
  • have gap junctions
45
Q

Osteoclasts 4

A
  • large
  • multinucleated
  • formed from monocyte (blood) fusing
  • break down bone
46
Q

four parts of compact bones osteon

A
  1. lamellae
  2. lacunae
  3. canaliculi
  4. central (Haversian) canal
47
Q

Where are osteons aligned?

A

lines of bone stress e.g long axis of bone shaft

48
Q

Osteon structure: Lamellae (1)

A
  • concentric rings of mineral salts for hardness (onion)

- made of calcium phosphate + calcium hydroxide make hydroxyapatite and collagen (tensile strength)

49
Q

Osteon structure: Lacunae (2)

A
  • Small spaces between lamellae containing mature bone cells (osteocytes)
50
Q

Osteon structure: Canaliculi (3)

A
  • “minute canals” radiate from lacunae

- provide routes for O2, nutrients and waste

51
Q

Osteon structure: Central (Haversian) canal (4)

A
  • doughnut hole

- for blood, lymphs and nerves

52
Q

4 asts that assist in bone building/breaking down

A

Osteoclasts - reabsorb desd bone
Chondroblasts -lay down hyaline cartilage callus
Osteoblasts - lay down new bone
Osteoclasts - remodel new bone

53
Q

Liquid connective tissue

A

Blood plasma (liquid ECM) and formed elements (red + white cells and platelets)

54
Q

two phagocytic, engulfing bacteria

A

Neutrophils and monocytes (macrophages)

55
Q

two cells that release substances (e.g. histamine) that intensify inflammatory reaction

A

Basophils (mobile) and mast cells (immature circulate; mature fixed)

56
Q

what are eosinophils useful for

A

Parasitic worms, acute allergic response

57
Q

Lymphocytes are involved in?

A

Immune response

58
Q

what transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Erythrocytes

59
Q

what helps blood with clotting

A

Platelets (from megakaryocytes in red marrow)

BIOSCI107 - 2021 (10 decks)

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