Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOSCI107 - 2021 > CSF: Intro to the cell > Flashcards

CSF: Intro to the cell Flashcards

1
Q

cell theory (3pts)

A
  1. all living organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. the living cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation
  3. all cells arrise from preexisting cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The central Dogma equation

A

DNA -> RNA -> PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are 6 things prokaryote AND eukaryote cells have

A

Plasma membrane, cystol, DNA, RNA, protein and ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prokaryote nucleases are not…

A

membrane bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are two things that make eukaryote different than pro?

A
  1. organelles are membrane-bound

2. they are larger than prokaryote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the cytoplasm/what does it contain

A

everything inside plasma membrane including organelles, not the nucleus though

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm called and made up of

A

the cystol

water + dissolved and suspended substances - ions, ATP, proteins, lipids etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of the plasma membrane

A

its a physical barrier seperating the inside/outside of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

whats the general function of the plasma membrane

A

double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does hydrophilic mean

A

loves water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does hydrophobic mean

A

hates water aka fats therefore, lipids in membrane provide a barrier to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what makes up the head of a phospholipid

A

a hydrophilic phosphate head (polar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what makes up the tail of a phospholipid

A

a hydrophobic lipid tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what word describes hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections in plasma membrane proteins

A

amphipathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe intergral proteins

A

imbedded - partially or fully - into the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are transmembrane proteins

A
  • fulls span the entire membrane

- contact extracellular and cytoplasmic areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are peripheral membrane proteins

A
  • associated with the membrane but not actually embedded in it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do TRANSPORT plasma membrane proteins do?

A

channels, transporters may be general or selective, gated or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do ENZYMES plasma membrane proteins do?

A
  • carry out chemical reaction, possibly part of enzyme team
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION plasma membrane proteins do?

A
  • external signalling molecule

- transduction of info to cell inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do CELL-CELL RECOGNITION plasma membrane proteins do?

A
  • glycoproteins as molecular signatures on the extracellular side of cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do INTERCELLULAR plasma membrane proteins do?

A

e.g gap junctions or tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what do Attachment to the cytoskeleton and ECM plasma membrane proteins do?

A
  • fibroconectin helps contact between cell surface integrins and ECM (e.g. collagen)
  • can facilitate movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

whats the best model to describe plasma membrane

A

fluid mosaic model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Whats the nucleus enclosed in

A

double lipid layer nuclear envelope, continuous with rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how does shit get in and out of the nucleus

A

through nuclear pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what happens in the nucleolus

A
  • rRNA production

- assembly of small and large subunits of ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Three functions of DNA and its pores

A
  • house/protect DNA
  • make RNA & assemble ribosomes
  • pores regulate substance movement in and out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

whats so great about molecule segregation?

A
  • molecule segregation to allow temporal and spatial control of cell function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what does DNA code for?

A

our phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What proteins is DNA wrapped around to pack is densely

A

it wraps twice around a group of 8 histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

when DNA wraps twice around a group of 8 histones what is this called

A

it forms nucleosomes or chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what does chromatin condense down to to become a chromosome?

A

Chromatin fiber condenses further into loops to become a chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Chomosome idea

A

comprised of many genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

gene idea

A

a DNA segment that contributes to phenotype/function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Humans are diploid, what does this mean?

A

2N = 46

  • 23 pairs of choromosomes, (1 from each parent
  • 22 autosomes
  • 2 sex chromosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

how far does DNA stretch out to

A

2 meters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

accessibility is determined by what

A

extent of coiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

ribosome structure

A

2 subunits, burger - top big bottom small, made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

where is Rrna made

A

nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

how does rRNA get made/leave nucleus

A

subunits assemble in nucleolus, leave through nuclear pores

42
Q

function of ribosomes (protein)

A
  • protein production (translation)
43
Q

function of ribosomes (free))

A

making proteins to be used in cystol (non-endomembrane destinations)

44
Q

function of ribosomes (RER)

A

making non-cytosolic proteins/endomembrane

45
Q

what is the ER

A

extensive network of tubes and tubules - stretches out from nuclear membrane

46
Q

two types of ER

A

smooth ER and rough ER

47
Q

RER description

A

continuous with nuclear envelope dotted with attached ribosomes

48
Q

how do proteins and ER get folded?

A

proteins enter lumen within ER for folding

49
Q

3 major functions of RER

A

production of proteins:

  • secreted
  • membrane
  • organelle
50
Q

how does RER send things to golgi

A

RER membrane surrounds protein to form transport vesicles destined for golgi

51
Q

smooth ER location

A

extends from rough ER

52
Q

does the smooth ER have ribosomes?

A

no, it doesnt make proteins

53
Q

three major function of smooth ER

A
  • housing unit for proteins and enzymes
  • synthesizes lipids - steroids and phospholipids
  • storage of cell-specific proteins, not all cells make all proteins
54
Q

are the smooth ER functions the same for every cell?

A

no, very cell/tissue specific

55
Q

what does the smooth ER do in the liver?

A

houses enzymes for detoxification and for glucous release

56
Q

what does the smooth ER do in the muscles?

A

calcium ions

57
Q

what is a colloquial term for the golgi apparatus

A

the ‘warehouse’

58
Q

how many sacs is the golgi made of and what are they called? (golgi description)

A

3-20 flattened membranous sacs called cisternae stacked on top of one another

59
Q

functions of golgi

A
  • modify, sort, package and transport proteins from RER vis enzymes in cisternae
60
Q

golgi assists in the formation of

A
  • secretory vesicles
  • membrane vesicles
  • transport vesicles
61
Q

secretory vesicles golgi used for

A

proteins for exocytosis

62
Q

membrane vesicles golgi used for

A

PM molecules

63
Q

transport vesicles golgi used for

A

molecules to lysosome

64
Q

two golgi faces and uses of those faces

A

cis face - receiving side closer to ER

trans face - shipping side further from ER

65
Q

each sac or cisternae contains what?

A

enzymes of different functions

66
Q

protein movement in golgi 1

A

-proteins move from cis to trans (sac to sac)

67
Q

protein movement in golgi 2

A
  • mature at exit cisternae
68
Q

protein movement in golgi 3

A
  • travel to destination
69
Q

what occurs in each golgi sac?

A

modifications - formation of glycoproteins, glycolipids and lipoproteins

70
Q

lysosome contain

A

powerful digestive enzymes

71
Q

are lysosomes acidic or basic?

A

highly acidic, pump H+ to maintain acidic pH

72
Q

main function of lysosomes is digestion of:

A
  • substances that enter a cell
  • cell components e.g. organelles - autography
  • entire cells - autolysis
73
Q

cell components e.g. organelles name

A

autography

74
Q

entire cells name

A

autolysis

75
Q

mitochondria main function:

A

generation of ATP through cellular respiration

76
Q

three things mitochondria are made up of

A
  • outer mitochondrial membrane
  • inner mitochondrial membrane
  • fluid filled interior cavity the mitochondrial matrix
77
Q

why do cells have more ATP

A

when a cell requires more energy itll have more ATP

78
Q

what special thing does mitochondria carry

A

separate small (37 gene) genome encoding mitochondria specific products

79
Q

what is ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate - our energy currency

80
Q

how do we get energy in terms of product transfer

A

one phosphate transfers to another molecule and provides energy

81
Q

Cytoskeleton idea

A

structural support system of the cell

82
Q

three fibres in cytoskeleton

A
  • microfilmanets
  • intermediate filaments
  • microtubules
83
Q

smallest cytoskeleton fiber

A

microfibers

84
Q

medium cytoskeleton fibers

A

intermediate filaments

85
Q

largest cytoskeleton fibres

A

microtubules

86
Q

cytoskeleton fibres and filamentss help maintain what of the cell

A

size, shape and integrity of cell

87
Q

two main cytoskeleton jobs

A
  • act as scaffolding across the cell

- involved in intracellular transportation and cell movement

88
Q

microfilament diameter

A

7nm

89
Q

what are microfilaments comprised of

A

actin molecules - 2 long chains twisted

90
Q

where are microfilaments found

A

periphery of interior of cell

91
Q

function of microfilaments

A
  • anchor cytoskeleton to plasma membrane proteins

- promote amoeboid mobility

92
Q

Intermediate filaments diameter

A

8-12nm

93
Q

intermediate filaments composition

A

keratin

94
Q

intermediate filament location

A

cytoplasm

95
Q

which is the most permanent cytoskeleton

A

intermediate

96
Q

function of intermediate filmants

A
  • scaffold for cellular organs i.e. nucleus

- bear tension and weight

97
Q

microtubules diameter

A

25nm

98
Q

microtubules composition

A

tubulin dimers (alpha and beta) coiled to form a tube

99
Q

4 functions of microtubules

A
  • support cell type
  • guide for organelle movement
  • chromosome organisation - cell division
  • support and movement of cillia/flagella
100
Q

are microfilaments dynamic?

A

yes they are dynamic - assemble and dissemble as required

101
Q

are microtubules dynamic?

A

yes they are dynamic - assemble and dissemble as required

BIOSCI107 - 2021 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions