Crude oil

Question 1

Explain what a Hydrocarbon is

Answer 1

It is a type of compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms that are chemically joined together to make molecules

Question 2

Name the method used to separate crude oil into fractions

Answer 2

Fractional distilliation

Question 3

Explain how fractional distillation works?

Answer 3

oil heated turned into gas
gases enter fractionating column(bitumen drained off at bottom)
In column temperature gradient -hotter at bottom ,cooler at top
Longer hdc have higher boiling points -turn into liquid and drain out column early on near bottom
Shorter hdc lower boiling points turn to liquid and drain out much later on near top column
Crude oil mixture separated out into different fractions

Question 4

Name some fractions and their uses

Answer 4

gases-heating /cooking homes
petrol-fuel cars
kerosene-fuel for aircraft
diesel oil-cars and trains
fuel oil-large ships and power stations
bitumen-surfacing roads and roofs

Question 5

State differences between gas and bitumen

Answer 5

number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in molecules

gas- smallest number of atoms in molecules b-lots of atoms in each molecule

boiling point-low b-high boiling point

ignition -easy to set alight b -difficult

viscosity-runny(low) b-thick and viscosity(high)